Grammatical Categories of Languages
On or affecting articles
- Definiteness
- Information/Identification
- Tangibility
- Proper
On demonstratives
- Location
- near the speaker
- far from the speaker
- very far from the speaker
- near the hearer
- Visibility
On nouns
On nouns, adjectives, pronouns, articles, demonstratives
- Gender
- masculine
- feminine
- neuter
- Number
- singular
- dual
- trial
- plural
- Case
- type one (Indo-European)
- nominative/subjective
- genitive/possessive
- ablative
- dative
- locative
- instrumental
- accusative/objective
- vocative
- type two (Semitic)
- absolute
- construct/possessed
- case is closely related to and sometimes confused with
prepostitions and postpositions (especially the latter)
- Size
- Shape (see also shape under verbs)
- long & slender
- flat & round
- angular
- Animateness
- animate
- lightning
- human beings
- infants
- large animals
- medium size animals
- smaller animals
- invertebrate animals
- natural forces (wind, flood, heat, fire, etc.)
- plants
- inanimate
- objects
- abstractions (hunger, thirst, old age, etc.)
- Value
-
- Person
- 1st person
- inclusive plural
- exclusive plural
- 2nd person
- 3rd person
- 4th person--second third person
- main person
- indefinite person
On verbs
- Value
- Shape (of exchange and handling verbs)
- solid roundish
- slender flexible
- slender stiff
- flat flexible
- animate
- matter in an open container
- mushy matter
- non-compact matter
- load, pack, burden
- pourable matter
- things with a handle or a cord
- small things with a handle or a cord
- things on one's back
- Texture (of food verbs)
- hard
- meat
- roundish
- leafy-flat
- mushy
- liquid
- Gender
- masculine
- feminine
- neuter
- Number
- singular
- dual
- trial
- plural
- Person
- 1st person
- 2nd person
- 3rd person
- 4th person--second third person
- main person
- indefinite person
- Time/Tense
- Aspect
- punctiliar
- momentaneous
- continuative
- repetivive
- frequentative
- habituative
- customary
- simulfactive
- inchoative/inceptive
- cessative
- completive/perfective
- incompletive/imperfective
- augmentative
- diminutive
- usitative
- iterative
- distributive
- diversitive
- reservative
- transitional
- conative (?)
- cursive (?)
- Voice
- active
- passive
- reflexive
- reciprocal
- transitive
- intransitive
- causative
- middle
- benefactive
- impersonal
- Mode/Mood
- indicative
- narrative
- optative
- desirative/desiderative
- intentive
- interrogative
- negative
- quotative
- dubitative
- potential
- conditional
- subjective
- obligatory
- imperative
- permissive
- causative
On conjunctions
http://www.bterry.com/anthropology/gramcat.htm hosted at http://bible.ovu.edu/terry/anthropology/gramcat.htm
Last updated on April 12, 2004
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Copyright © 2000-2004 Bruce Terry