Political Organization

• Extended Family Leadership
  • Patriarchal
  • Matriarchal
• Ethnic Group Leadership
  • Situational Leadership (hunting-gathering societies, old Navajo)
  • Band Leadership, Tribal Elders (NA Indian, ancient Hebrew)
  • Big Man Leadership (achieved)
  • Chief Leadership (ascribed)
• City-State Government
  • Kings
• Local Government
  • Appointed Governors
  • Representative Democracy
  • Town Meeting Democracy (New England, Navajo chapter meetings)
• Nation-State Government
  • Monarchy
    • Absolute
    • Nobility Empowered
  • Dictatorship
  • Democracy
    • Parliamentary
    • Presidential-Congressional
• War & Feuds — Rules of Engagement
• Nationalism

Social Control

• Behavior Norms, Rules (Mores), and Laws
  • levels: family, community, nation/state, international
  • mostly about sex, property, and safety
  • relationship of mores to morals
• Guilt and Shame (individual vs. community; inward motivated vs. outward)
• Religion and sin
• Crime
  • law enforcement (police and/or army [?])
• Punishment
  • broken laws: lawyers and judges
  • mores: shunning, ridicule, mudheads
  • child discipline: parents and uncles

Health and Hygiene

• Germ theory (bacteria and viruses)
  • Doctors and Nurses
    • education required
    • roles in healing
  • Other Health Professionals (Paramedics, EMT's, Physician's Assistants)
• Spirit theory (reality of spirits vs. superstition)
  • Good spirits (gods)
  • Evil spirits (demons)
  • Ancestor spirits (ghosts)
  • Animism (mountains, rivers, trees)
  • Medicine Men (Shaman)
  • Witches and witchcraft, mediums
• Temperature theory (hot and cold illness)
• Harmony
• Prayer
• Hygiene
  • hand washing
  • safe drinking water
  • sanitation (indoor and outdoor restrooms, latrines, open and closed sewers)