The Tapestry of Culture
Rosman and Rubel
Chapter 8 Study Guide


  1. How do Rosman and Rubel define the economic organization of a society?
     

  2. What is the term for the process by which individuals interpret cultural rules to their own advantage?
     

  3. What two other major categories of culture do Rosman and Rubel think that economic organization is most closely aligned with?
     

  4. What are three major categories of subsistence level societies as far as production is concerned?
     

  5. How would you describe each of the following for a hunting and gathering culture?
    1. population
    2. settlements
    3. manufacturing techniques
    4. differentiation of tasks

  6. How does an agricultural culture differ from a hunting and gathering culture in terms of population and settlements?
     

  7. Why must agricultural people restrain themselves from eating their seed?
     

  8. What characterizes agricultural societies in Europe and Asia as regards the following:
    1. technology
    2. predominant crops
    3. water (2 answers)
    4. land reuse (2 answers)

     

  9. What are four unforeseen consequences of agricultural production listed by Rosman and Rubel?
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
    5.  

  10. What kinds of animals are kept by pastoral societies?
     

  11. When a society depends almost entirely on domesticated animals for production, what is it labeled?
     

  12. What term is used to indicate the manner in which cultural products circulate through society?
     

  13. What are the three components of exchange?
     

  14. What is the term that relates to the direct, immediate exchange of objects?
     

  15. What term is used to describe the simplest type of exchange system between two sides of equal status?
     

  16. What items are ceremonially exchanged among the Abelam of New Guinea?
     

  17. How does the kaiko exchange among the Maring people different from the ritual exchange among the Abelam?
     

  18. What term is used to describe the giving away and destruction of goods by a person among the Kwakiutl who is showing his power?
     

  19. Who gives and who receives yams in the urigubu exchange system among the Trobriand Islanders?
     

  20. What is the exchange system called among the South Pacific islanders in which red shell necklaces move in the opposite direction from armshells?
     

  21. What is a caste in India?
     

  22. What are the two meanings of market?
     

  23. What is the basic premise of a market system?
     

  24. What does a market system depend upon?
     

  25. What did rural populations become when cities grew up in their midst and they became tied to the cities?
     

  26. What is a market town?
     

  27. What is the basis for small- and medium-sized Chinese businesses in Taiwan?
     

  28. In a complex capitalistic society, what stimulates production of a product?
     

  29. What term refers to goods manufactured by someone else?
     

  30. What example of a community do Rosman and Rubel give to show that religious beliefs can affect the nature of consumption?
     

  31. Among Jordanian elites, who does shopping?
     

  32. What term is used to refer to the replacement of one item for another in terms of function or the reassignment of function for one item adopted by a different culture?

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