Old Testament Background

Adam & Eve
Cain, Abel, and Seth
                 |
                Enoch
                 |
                Noah & the flood
           Shem, Ham, & Japheth
            |  
            Eber 
Melchizedek |   \
        Abraham & Lot   -->  Sodom & Gomorrah
    (Sarah) (Hagar)
     Issac   Ishmael --> Arabs
  Jacob & Esau --> Edomites
 (Israel)
12 sons including (by Rachel)
Levi  Judah      Joseph  Benjamin
 |   trip to Egypt
(Levites)
Moses & Aaron --> priests

• feasts & fast days: Passover, Pentecost, Tabernacles (Booths), & Day of Atonement (Yom Kipper)
• Sabbath (Friday evening to Saturday evening) & the 10 Commandments
• counting: inclusive
• days and time:
  • two kinds of days: ceremonial (evening to evening) and practical (morning to morning)
  • two ways of counting time: Jewish (morning to evening) and Roman (midnight to midnight)
  • two kinds of years: religious (starts in spring) and agricultural (starts in fall)
• circumcision: baby boys on 8th day (one week)
• tabernacle -- holy place and most holy place (ark of the covenant)
• clean & unclean animals
  • four-footed animals -- split hoof and chew the cud
  • flying animals -- not flesh eaters
  • scurrying animals -- none
  • swimming animals -- have fins and scales
  • insects -- have large rear hopping legs
• Leverite marriage (brother marry dead brother's wife)

1. Saul (from Benjamin)
2. David, son of Jesse (from Judah) & priest Abiathar
3. Solomon (built first temple)

divided kingdom:
northern kingdom                         southern kingdom
Elijah (Elias) & Jezebel
Elisha & Naaman
Jonah at Nivevah
8th century prophets                    6th century prophets
Isaiah (Esaias), Amos                Jeremiah (Jeremy), Ezekiel
to Assyria                                   Daniel
   Samaritans                              to Babylon (1)
return & build second temple             from Medo-Persia (2)

Between the Testaments
  Alexander the Great                    from Greece (3)
     |
  Antiochus Epiphanes
     -- sacrificed pig on altar -- cleansing=feast of Dedication (Lights, Hanukkah)
  Maccabees                         
Apocrypha & Septuagint (LXX) [Greek Old Testament]
  Destruction of the Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim
  Pompey in temple (empty holy place)    from Rome (4)  63 B.C.
Herod the Great (Edomite) -- built third temple
  successfully switched alliegence 
    from Pompey to Julius Caesar to Cassius to Mark Antony to Octavian
  40 B.C. -- declared King of the Jews by the Roman Senate
  killed 10 of his closest family and friends

           Hyrcanus (H.P.) (3)                ??????
               |                              |    |
           Alexandra (6)              Antipater__  Joseph (2)
           |       |                  |          |
  Aristobulus (1)  Mariamne (5) = Herod = Doris  Salome = Costobarus (7)
  (H.P. drowned)    |     |  (9)      |     |           |
            Alexander (8) Aristobulus | Antipater (10) Bernice (= Aristobulus)
  Sohemus (4)            _____________|________             ____|_____
  (minister)            |        |     |       |           |     |    |
                    Archelaus    |     | Herod Philip = Herodias | Herod Agrippa
                                 |    Herod Antipas = |      Herod  |
                                Philip = = = = = Salome    = _______|______
                                                         =  |     |        |
                                                      Bernice  Agrippa  Drusilla