| Five Case System |
Eight Case System |
Basic Meaning | Equivalent English Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
Nominative |
Subject | Subjective |
| Genitive |
Genitive |
Possession (of) | Possessive |
| Genitive |
Ablative |
Source (from) | Possessive |
| Dative |
Dative |
Indirect Object (to) | Objective |
| Dative |
Locative |
Location (in) | Objective |
| Dative |
Instrumental |
Instrument (with) | Objective |
| Accusative |
Accusative |
Direct Object | Objective |
| Vocative |
Vocative |
Direct Address | Subjective |
| Case \ Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -hV (1) -oV (2) -V, -uV (3) |
-h (1) -oV (2) -a, -V (3) |
-on (2) -oV (3) none (3) |
| Genitive | -ou (1,2) -oV, -wV (3) |
-hV, -aV (1) -ou (2) -ewV (3) |
-ou (2) -ouV (3) -oV (3) |
| Dative | -h/ (1) -w/ (2) -i (3) |
-h/, -a/ (1) -w/ (2) -ei (3) |
-w/ (2) -ei (3) -i (3) |
| Accusative | -hn (1) -on (2) -a, -n (3) |
-hn, -an (1) -on (2) -n (3) |
-on (2) -oV (3) none (3) |
| Case \ Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ai (1) -oi (2) -eV, -iV (3) |
-ai (1) -oi (2) -eiV (3) |
-a (2) -h (3) -a (3) |
| Genitive | -wn (1,2,3) | -wn (1,2) -ewn (3) |
-wn (1,2,3) |
| Dative | -aiV (1) -oiV (2) -si, usi (3) |
-aiV (1) -oiV (2) -esi (3) |
-oiV (2) -esi (3) -si (3) |
| Accusative | -aV (1) -ouV (2) -aV (3) |
-aV (1) -ouV (2) -eiV (3) |
-a (2) -h (3) -a (3) |
