NOTES: "If they have called the master of the house Beezebul"
EVIDENCE: S B
TRANSLATIONS: NASVn NIVn

NOTES: "If they have called the master of the house Beelzebub"
EVIDENCE: two lat vg syr(s,p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV* NASVn NIV* NEB

COMMENTS: "Beelzebul" is the Greek spelling of the Hebrew word "Baal-Zebub," which means "lord of flies." It has passed through Latin into English as Beelzebub. It is used in the New Testament to refer to the devil.

Matthew 11:9:

NOTES: "But why did ^plyou go out? To see a prophet?"
EVIDENCE: S* B^c W 892 cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NEB

COMMENTS: The textual problem is one of word order. The same Greek word can be translated either "what" or "why." Thus the reading of the UBS text can be translated either as found in the text or as found in the notes, depending on how one punctuates the sentence. But the reading in the notes must be translated as found in the notes. It may be that the reading in the text was changed to remove the ambiguity found in it. On the other hand, it may be that the reading in the notes was original and it was changed (1) to give the question the same kind of ambiguity as the questions in verses 7 and 8, which also may be translated two different ways, or (2) to make the verse read the same as Luke 7:26.

Matthew 11:15:

NOTES: "The one who has ears to hear, let him hear"
EVIDENCE: S C K L W X Delta Theta Pi f1 f13 28 33 565 892 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(c,p,h,pal) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASV

COMMENTS: The more complete expression "ears to hear" is found in other places (such as Mark 4:9,23; 7:16; Luke 8:8; 14:35). It was probably added here from there. There is no good reason for it to be deleted from this place. See also Matthew 13:9 and 43.

Matthew 11:19:

NOTES: "wisdom is justified by her children"
EVIDENCE: B² C D K L X Delta Theta Pi f1 28 33 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(c,s) most cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn

OTHER: "wisdom is justified by all her children"
EVIDENCE: one lat

OTHER: "wisdom is justified by all her works"
EVIDENCE: f13

COMMENTS: While it is possible that "works" was originally a scribal comment on the original reading "children," it is more likely that "works" was original and was changed to be the same as in the parallel passage in Luke 7:35. The word "all" was probably added from that passage.

Matthew 11:23:

NOTES: "You shall be driven down to Hades."
EVIDENCE: S C K L X Delta Theta Pi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect syr(p,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSV? NASVn NEB TEV?

COMMENTS: Both variations (katabainô--which is here translated "be brought down," but often "go down"--and katabibazô--here translated "be driven down," but often "be brought down") can be translated "be brought down." The rarer word "be driven down" might have been changed to the more common word found in Isaiah 14:15, but "be brought down" is found in early manuscripts of several types of ancient text. See also Luke 10:15.

Matthew 12:4:

NOTES: "how he entered into the house of God and he ate the bread of presentation"
EVIDENCE: p⁷⁰ C D K L W Delta Theta Pi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892^c 1010 Byz Lect lat vg syr cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NEB

OTHER: "how he entered into the house of God and he took the bread of presentation"
EVIDENCE: 892*

COMMENTS: It is possible that the clause "it was not permissible for him nor for those with him to eat" occasioned a few copyists to change "he ate" to "they ate." However, "they ate" may have been changed to "he ate" to make this agree with the parallel passages in Mark 2:26 and Luke 6:4 and with the "he entered" of the earlier clause.

Matthew 12:15:

NOTES: "many followed him"
EVIDENCE: S B many lat vg syr(c,s)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB

NOTES: "crowds followed him"
EVIDENCE: N some cop(south)
COMMENTS: The word "crowds" is in brackets in the UBS text. The word order is reversed in manuscript X. The reading "many" is found in both Alexandrian and Western types of ancient text. The word "crowds" may have been added because the familiar phrase "large crowds" or "many crowds" is often found in Matthew (see 4:25; 8:1; 13:2; 15:30; 19:2). The same word is translated both "many" and "large." On the other hand, it is possible that the eye of copyists overlooked the word, since both "many" and "crowds" have the same ending in Greek.

Matthew 12:24:

NOTES: "This man does not cast out the demons, except by Beezebul"
EVIDENCE: S B
TRANSLATIONS: NASVn NIVn

NOTES: "This man does not cast out the demons, except by Beelzebub"
EVIDENCE: two lat vg syr(s,c,p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV* NASVn NIV* NEB

COMMENTS: "Beelzebul" is the Greek spelling of the Hebrew word "Baal-Zebub," which means "lord of flies." It has passed through Latin into English as Beelzebub. It is used in the New Testament to refer to the devil.

Matthew 12:47:

NOTES: omit verse 47
EVIDENCE: S* B L Gamma 1009 one Lect two lat syr(c,s) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NIVn TEVn

COMMENTS: The verse is in brackets in the UBS text because it is missing from some of the older manuscripts. However, since both verse 46 and verse 47 end with the same word in Greek, it is probable that the eye of copyists jumped from one to the other and skipped verse 47, especially since it does not contain the variations that would be expected if it had been added later by copyists.

Matthew 13:9:

NOTES: "The one who has ears to hear, let him hear"
EVIDENCE: S^c C D K W X Z Delta Theta Pi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(c,p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn

COMMENTS: The more complete expression "ears to hear" is found in other places (such as Mark 4:9,23; 7:16; Luke 8:8; 14:35). It was probably added here from there. There is no good reason for it to be deleted from this place. See also Matthew 11:15 and 13:43.

Matthew 13:35:

NOTES: "This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah, saying,"
EVIDENCE: S* Theta f1 f13 33
TRANSLATIONS: RSVn NEB

COMMENTS: It is possible that Isaiah was originally named and most copyists deleted his name because the heading to Psalm 78 attributes that psalm to Asaph. On the other hand, copyists have more than once put Isaiah's name in a place where no prophet was named (such as in Matthew 1:22; 2:5; 21:4; and Acts 7:48). Because of this, it is best to follow the majority of manuscripts from several types of text in leaving out the name Isaiah.

Matthew 13:35:

NOTES: "I will utter things that have been hidden from the foundation"
EVIDENCE: S^b B f1 two lat syr(c,s)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

COMMENTS: The word translated "of the world" is in brackets in the UBS text, because it is missing from manuscripts that belong to several different types of ancient text. If it is not original, it may have been added from Matthew 25:4. However, it may have omitted to make the verse read more like the Greek Old Testament which simply says "from the beginning." It is included here because it is found in the great majority of manuscripts.

Matthew 13:43:

NOTES: "The one who has ears to hear, let him hear"
EVIDENCE: S^c C D K L P W X Delta Pi f1 f13 28 33 565 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat later vg syr(c,s,p,h,pal) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn

COMMENTS: The more complete expression "ears to hear" is found in other places (such as Mark 4:9,23; 7:16; Luke 8:8; 14:35). It was probably added here from there. There is no good reason for it to be deleted from this place. See also Matthew 11:15 and 13:9.

Matthew 14:3:

NOTES: "because of Herodias, his brother's wife"
EVIDENCE: D some lat vg
TRANSLATIONS: RSVn

COMMENTS: While it is possible that the name "Philip" was added to make this verse read like Mark 6:17, it is much more likely that some Western copyists deleted the name "Philip," either to make the text like that of Luke 3:19 or to harmonize Matthew with Josephus' report that Herodias' first husband was named Herod also (see Antiquities, XVIII.v.4).

Matthew 14:12:

NOTES: "his disciples came and took the corpse and buried it"
EVIDENCE: S¹ C D L Theta f1 f13 33 700 892 1010 1241 1424 two lat syr(p) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: none

NOTES: "his disciples came and took the body and buried it"
EVIDENCE: W X Gamma Delta Pi Phi 28 Byz most lat vg syr(h) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV

COMMENTS: The difference between "it" (Greek auto) and "him" (Greek auton) is only one letter. In the UBS text that letter is in brackets. While most manuscripts read "it," it is more likely that "him" was changed to "it" than vice versa, because "it" agrees in gender with the neuter words "corpse" and "body." In choosing between those two words, "corpse" is more likely to be original. It is found in earlier manuscripts, and the rarer word "corpse" was more likely to be changed to the more familiar word "body" than vice versa.

Matthew 14:24:

NOTES: "the boat was already in the middle of the sea"
EVIDENCE: S C D K L P W X Delta Pi 084 f1 28 33 565 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect lat vg syr(h) some cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSVn NEBn TEV

COMMENTS: There are four different variations of the text reading, involving word order changes, the omission of "from the land," and the use of "considerable" instead of "many." There are also three different variations of the reading in the notes. While it is possible that the reading in the text was suggested by John 6:19 ("when they had rowed about twenty-five or thirty stadia"), it is more likely that the text is original and the reading in the notes is a result of copyists changing Matthew to read like Mark 6:47.

Matthew 14:29:

NOTES: "Peter walked on the water to go toward Jesus"
EVIDENCE: S^c C² D K L P W X Delta Theta Pi 073^vid f1 f13 28 33 565 892 1241 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h,pal) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV

OTHER: "Peter walked on the water to go. Therefore he went toward Jesus"
EVIDENCE: S*

OTHER: "Peter walked on the water toward Jesus"
EVIDENCE: none

TRANSLATIONS: NIV NEB TEV
COMMENTS: Since the word translated "toward" can also be translated "to," the reading "went to Jesus" may have seem too strong to many copyists, and thus was changed to "to go." The reading of S* seems to be a mixture of the two. NIV and NEB have omitted the verb "go" not on the basis of text, but to make for smoother reading English.

Matthew 14:30:

NOTES: "when he saw the wind, he was afraid"
EVIDENCE: S B* 073 33 cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV

OTHER: "when he saw the very strong wind, he was afraid"
EVIDENCE: W

COMMENTS: Although it can be argued that the word "strong" was added to heighten the effect just as manuscript W added the word "very," it is more likely that "strong" was accidently omitted from some manuscripts in the Egyptian type of text due to a mistake of the eye. In Greek the word for "wind" and the word for "strong" have the same ending, and it is probable that the eye of an early copyist in Egypt skipped over the word "strong."

Matthew 15:4:

NOTES: "For God commanded, saying, 'Honor [your] father and [your] mother'"
EVIDENCE: S*^,b C K L W X Delta Pi 33 565 1010 1241 Byz Lect one lat syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV RSV (omit "saying")

COMMENTS: The word "commanded" was probably added due to the word "commandment" in verse 3. Although Mark 7:10 has simply "said," it reads "Moses said." Thus it is not likely that "commanded, saying" was changed to "said" to make Matthew read like Mark.

Matthew 15:6:

NOTES: "he shall not honor his father or his mother"
EVIDENCE: C K L W X Delta Theta Pi 084 f1 f13 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(s,p,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn NASV NIVn NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: It can be argued that the phrase "or his mother" was added by copyists because of the reference to the mother in verses 4 and 5. On the other hand, it can be argued that it was accidently omitted when the eye of copyists jumped from the first "his" to the second "his" ("his" follows the noun in Greek). It is omitted from the UBS text because it is missing from early manuscripts of both Egyptian and Western types of ancient text. Also the reference to mother is found with four major variations of text, two of which omit the word "his" either after "father" or "mother."

Matthew 15:6:

NOTES: "^plyou have made void the law of God"
EVIDENCE: S*^,b C 084 f13 1010
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NASVn NEB

NOTES: "^plyou have made void the commandment of God"
EVIDENCE: K L W X Delta Pi f1 33 565 1241 Byz Lect some lat vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV TEV

COMMENTS: The word "commandment" seems to have been introduced from verse 3. While it can be argued that "word" was introduced by copyists from the parallel passage in Mark 7:13, that reading is found in several types of ancient text. It has been suggested that the reading "law" was added because Jesus referred to one specific law.

Matthew 15:14:

NOTES: "they are blind leaders"
EVIDENCE: S*^,b B D 0237 one lat cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASVn NIV NEB

OTHER: "they are leaders of the blind"
EVIDENCE: K syr(c,s)

COMMENTS: The word translated "of the blind" is in brackets in the UBS text, because it is missing from early manuscripts of two kinds of ancient text. However, it is possible that copyists' eyes jumped from "blind" in this sentence to the first word of the next sentence, which is also "blind" in the Greek text.

Matthew 16:2-3:

NOTES: "he answered by saying to them, "·An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign"
EVIDENCE: S B X f13 157 1216 syr(c,s) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: The words that are missing from some manuscripts are in brackets in the UBS text. It has been argued that these words were added from the parallel in Luke 12:54-56. However, the lack of exact correspondence with the passage in Luke argues against this, especially since the text here as included contains only two minor variations. Much more variation could be expected if the text had been paraphrased from Luke. It is probable that the words were omitted by copyists who live in climates, such as Egypt, where a red sky in the morning does not mean that it will rain.

Matthew 16:13:

NOTES: "Who do men say that I the Son of man am?"
EVIDENCE: C D K L W X Delta Theta Pi f1 f13 28 33 565 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat syr(c,s,p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn NEBn

COMMENTS: The word "I" was apparently added from the parallel passages in Mark 8:27 and Luke 9:18. Here in Matthew the manuscripts that include it have it in different places.

Matthew 16:21:

NOTES: "Jesus Christ began showing his disciples"
EVIDENCE: S* B* most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASV

OTHER: "he began showing his disciples"
EVIDENCE: S^a 892

COMMENTS: The title "Christ" seems to have been added by some Egyptian copyists from the previous verse. Apparently the first corrector of manuscript S accidently struck out the name "Jesus" also while trying to remove the extra word.

Matthew 17:21:

NOTES: include verse 21: "But this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting."
EVIDENCE: S^b C D K L W X Delta Pi f1 f13 28 565 700 892margin 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) some cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn

COMMENTS: There seems to be no good reason for copyists to omit the verse if it was original. Apparently it was borrowed from Mark 9:29, although the parallel is not exact.

Matthew 17:22:

NOTES: "As they were staying in Galilee"
EVIDENCE: C D K L W X Delta Theta Pi f13 28 33 565 700 1010 1241 Byz Lect three lat syr(c,s,p,h) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSVn

COMMENTS: The word translated "gathering" is a rare verb, used only two other places in the New Testament. Therefore it is likely that it was changed to a verb that seemed more appropriate.

Matthew 18:11:

NOTES: include verse 11: "For the Son of man came to save the lost."
EVIDENCE: D K W X Delta Pi 078 28 565 700 1241 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(c,p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASV NIVn NEBn TEVn

OTHER: include verse 11: "For the Son of man came to seek and to save the lost."
EVIDENCE: L^c(margin) 892margin 1010 some Lect syr(h) a few cop(north)

COMMENTS: Verse 11 is missing from early manuscripts of several types of ancient text. It seems to have been borrowed here from Luke 19:10.

Matthew 18:14:

NOTES: "So it is not the will of my Father who is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish."
EVIDENCE: B Theta 078 f13 33 700 892 1010 1241 some Lect syr(s,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV TEVn

OTHER: "So it is not the will of our Father who is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish."
EVIDENCE: D* 1646 2148

COMMENTS: The reading "our" is probably due to a mistake of the ear, for in later Greek "^plyour" and "our" sounded alike. It is more difficult to decide between "^plyour" and "my," but "my" may have been borrowed from verse 10 and verse 35.

Matthew 18:15:

NOTES: "if your brother sins, go and tell him"
EVIDENCE: S B f1 cop(south) a few cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASV NIVn NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: The words "against you" are in brackets in the UBS text because the words may have been added from "against me" in verse 21. However, it is more likely that they were deleted in a effort to make verse 15 more general.