NOTES: "he will come [near] before him in the spirit"
EVIDENCE: B* C L f13
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

COMMENTS: The difference between the two words is that of one letter. The word "come [near] before" is the much more common word and the less frequently used word "go before" was probably misread by copyists.

Luke 1:28:

NOTES: "the Lord [is] with you! Blessed are you among women!"
EVIDENCE: A C D K X Delta Theta Pi f13 28 33 892 1010 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The words "Blessed are you among women!" seem to have been added here from verse 42. There is no good reason why they should have been omitted if they were original.

Luke 1:35:

NOTES: "the holy [child] to be born of you will also be called"
EVIDENCE: C* Theta f1 33 four lat later vg syr(p) ("in you") some syr(pal)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn

COMMENTS: The words "of you" were apparently added here by copyists to balance the use of "you" in the two previous clauses.

Luke 1:37:

NOTES: "with God nothing will be impossible."
EVIDENCE: S^c A C K Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 f13 28 33 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect
TRANSLATIONS: KJV RSV NASV NIV NEBn TEV

COMMENTS: The difference in the two readings is whether the word "God" is in the genitive case (which gives the preposition the meaning "from") or in the dative case (which gives the preposition the meaning "with"). Since the same sentence is found in Genesis 18:14 in the Greek Old Testament using the dative case, it is likely that the genitive case is original here, and copyists changed the word to be more like the Old Testament reading. The two readings are so similar that the translations cannot be used as evidence here.

Luke 1:46:

NOTES: "And Elizabeth said, 'My soul magnifies the Lord'"
EVIDENCE: three lat
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn

COMMENTS: Although there is a possibility that the original read "and she said" omitting any name, the fact that so many manuscripts read "Mary" would seem to indicate that this was original. The reading "Elizabeth" perhaps comes from a few Latin copyists who continued Elizabeth's speech that she gave when she was filled with the Holy Spirit.

Luke 1:66:

NOTES: "'What then will this child be? For indeed the hand of the Lord [is] with him.'"
EVIDENCE: D some lat syr(s)
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn

COMMENTS: Some copyists left out the word "was" and thus changed Luke's comment to a present tense statement by the people about John. Luke often makes such comments (see Luke 2:50; 3:15; 7:39; 16:14; 20:20; 23:12).

Luke 1:78:

NOTES: "the Sunrise from on high has visited us"
EVIDENCE: S^c A C D K Delta Xi Psi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz lat vg syr(h,pal)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NEBn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the aorist tense (that is, past tense) was changed to a future because at the time that this was originally said, Christ had not yet been born, it is more likely that the future was changed to an aorist to agree with "has visited" in verse 68.

Luke 2:11:

NOTES: "a Savior, who is the Lord's Christ."
EVIDENCE: two lat syr(h,pal)
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn

COMMENTS: It seems that the unusual expression "Christ the Lord" has been changed by some copyists to a more usual one. Other minor variations also exist using "Jesus" or "Savior."

Luke 2:14:

NOTES: "on earth peace, good will among men!"
EVIDENCE: S^c B³ K L P Delta Theta Xi Psi f1 f13 28 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect syr(s,h,pal) syr(p) ("good hope to men") cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NEBn

COMMENTS: The text reading can also be translated "on earth peace among men of good will," but the sense seems to be "men of [God's] good pleasure." This is a Semitic expression found in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The difference between the two readings is only one of one letter, the Greek letter "sigma" or "s" at the end of the word. Where the word occurs at the end of a line, the letter "sigma" is written as a little raised "c" which it would be possible for a copyist to overlook. Therefore, the change from "among men of good pleasure" to "good pleasure among men" may have happened either accidently (when the "sigma" was overlooked) or deliberately (by copyists who did not understand that in the Semitic expression "men of good pleasure" the good pleasure was God's).

Luke 3:22:

NOTES: "You are my beloved son; today I have fathered you."
EVIDENCE: D most lat
TRANSLATIONS: RSVn NEBn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the text reading was borrowed from the parallel in Mark 1:11, it seems more likely that the footnote reading was taken from Psalm 2:7. Some of the evidence for the text (listed in braces above) uses the wording of Matthew 3:17 ("This is . . . with whom . . . ."), either partially or a few times wholly.

Luke 3:32:

NOTES: "Boaz, the [son] of Salmon"
EVIDENCE: S^c A D K L X Delta Theta Pi Psi 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV NASV* NIV NEB TEV

OTHER: "Boaz, the [son] of Salman"
EVIDENCE: f1 f13

COMMENTS: The name "Sala" seems to be a Syriac form of the Hebrew name "Salmon." There is a tradition that Luke was a Syrian from Antioch. If this is so, he may well have used the Syriac form of the name and copyists changed it to the Hebrew form to agree with Matthew 1:4-5 and the Old Testament spelling. "Salman" is a variant spelling of "Salmon" in Old Testament Greek manuscripts.

Luke 3:33:

OTHER: "the [son] of Adam, the [son] of Admin, the [son] of Arni"
EVIDENCE: S* 1241 cop(south)

OTHER: "the [son] of Aminadam, the [son] of Aram, the [son] of Almei, the [son] of Arni"
EVIDENCE: f1

NOTES: "the [son] of Amminadab, the [son] of Aram, the [son] of Admin, the [son] of Arni"
EVIDENCE: Theta
OTHER: "the [son] of Amminadab, the [son] of Aram, the [son] of Joram"
EVIDENCE: K Delta Psi 28 700 892 1010 some Byz Lect two lat syr(h)

NOTES: "the [son] of Amminadab, the [son] of Aram"
EVIDENCE: A D Pi 33 565 some Byz most lat vg syr(p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn NIV ("Ram" for "Aram") NEBn

NOTES: "the [son] of Admin, the [son] of Arni"
EVIDENCE: B
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

OTHER: "the [son] of Adam, the [son] of Arni"
EVIDENCE: syr(s)

NOTES: "the [son] of Amminadab, the [son] of Arni"
EVIDENCE: none
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NEB

COMMENTS: There are five other major variations of readings, plus other minor spelling and word order variations. Out of this bewildering number of readings the UBS Textual Committee chose a reading that was used at an early period by the church at Alexandria.

Luke 4:44:

NOTES: "he was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee."
EVIDENCE: A D K X Delta Theta Pi Psi f13 28 33 565 700 1010 Byz lat vg syr(p) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn

OTHER: "he was preaching in the synagogues of the Jews."
EVIDENCE: W one Lect

COMMENTS: The name "Judea" seems to have been used here in the sense "the land of the Jews" rather than referring to the southern part of Palestine as is usually. Because of its usual sense, the word was changed by copyists to "Jews" or to the reading found in the parallel passages of Matthew 4:23 and Mark 1:39, which read "Galilee."

Luke 5:17:

NOTES: "teachers of the law sitting by. [People] had come"
EVIDENCE: S* D 33 two lat syr(s)vid
TRANSLATIONS: NEB

COMMENTS: The difference in the two readings is that in the footnote reading the definite article is omitted, making the second clause an independent sentence in Greek. Apparently some copyists saw difficulty with the statement that the religious leaders who were Jesus' enemies had come from every village throughout the land, and changed the text in a minor way to make others come to him.

Luke 5:17:

NOTES: "was [present] to be healing them."
EVIDENCE: A C D X Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) syr(pal) ("them all") cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn

OTHER: "was [present] to be healing all."
EVIDENCE: K

COMMENTS: Apparently copyists did not realize that "him" was to be taken as the subject of the infinitive "to be healing," and so changed it to "them," "all," or "them all."

Luke 5:39:

NOTES: "The old is better." (literally, "kinder")
EVIDENCE: A C K X Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 f13 28 33^vid 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect three lat vg syr(h,pal)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NIV TEV

OTHER: omit verse 39
EVIDENCE: D most lat

COMMENTS: The positive degree of the adjective was probably changed by copyists to the comparative to make the comparison clearer. The omission of verse 39 by some Western manuscripts is probably due to the influence of Marcion, who did not like the statement because it seemed to give authority to the Old Testament, which he rejected.

Luke 6:1:

NOTES: "happened [that] on the second first sabbath"
EVIDENCE: A C D K X Delta Theta Pi Psi f13 28 565 700 892 1010 Byz some lat vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The word translated "second first" is of unknown meaning. Perhaps it here means the second sabbath after the first, that is, the next one, if it is original. But it has been suggested that the existence of the word is due to a scribal mistake. Perhaps some scribe inserted "first" and another scribe changed it to "second" by adding it here and using the common method of deleting a word by putting dots above it. The another scribe copied both words as one, not noticing that the word "first" had been deleted. If the word is original, it is certainly easy to see why some copyists omitted it.

Luke 6:5:

NOTES: move verse 5 to between verses 10 and 11 and insert the following in its place: "On the same day he saw someone working on the sabbath and said to him, 'Man, if you know what you are doing, you are blessed; but if you do not know, you are cursed and a transgressor of the law.'"
EVIDENCE: D
COMMENTS: This curious addition by manuscript D makes three incidents in this place about Jesus and the sabbath.

Luke 6:35:

NOTES: "keep lending, despairing of no one"
EVIDENCE: S W X* Xi Pi* syr
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NEBn

COMMENTS: The reading "despairing of no one" is apparently due to a mistake of the eye. The difference between the Greek words for "no one" and "nothing" is only one letter. "No one" has an extra letter, an "alpha" at the end. The next word in Greek begins with the letter "alpha." Since early manuscripts were written without spaces between words, copyists apparently saw the "alpha" twice, once with "nothing" (making it read "no one") and once with the Greek word for "despairing."

Luke 6:48:

NOTES: "for it had been founded on the rock."
EVIDENCE: A C D K X Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 f13 28 565 700^c 1010 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn

OTHER: omit clause
EVIDENCE: p^45vid 700* syr(s)

COMMENTS: This clause was apparently changed by some copyists to read like the one in the parallel in Matthew 7:25. It was accidently omitted by some copyists when their eyes jumped from "it" to "it," which stands last in the clause in the text.

Luke 7:11:

NOTES: "on the next [day] he went to a city" (literally, "in the next [day]")
EVIDENCE: S* C D K W Pi 28 565 892 some Byz four lat syr(p,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn NEBn TEVn

COMMENTS: The difference between the two readings is one of the gender of the definite article. If the article is masculine, the word "time" is to be understood; if the article is feminine, the word "day" is to be understood. Since Luke several times writes "the next [day]" (Luke 9:37; Acts 21:1; 25:17; 27:18), but never elsewhere "in the next [day]," it is probable that copyists changed the general statement "in the next [time]" to the more specific "in the next [day]."

Luke 7:11:

NOTES: "a considerable [number of] his disciples and a large crowd"
EVIDENCE: A C K X Delta Theta Pi Psi f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect some lat syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV

OTHER: "a considerable [number of] disciples and a large crowd"
EVIDENCE: f1

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the word "considerable" was accidently omitted due to a mistake of the eye (it is spelled "ikanoi" in Greek and the following "and" is spelled "kai"), it has been left out of the UBS text because early manuscripts of different types of ancient text omit it.

Luke 7:19:

NOTES: "and sent [them] to Jesus"
EVIDENCE: S A K W X Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 28 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat later vg syr(s,p,h) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV

OTHER: "and sent [them] to the Lord Jesus"
EVIDENCE: syr(pal)

COMMENTS: Copyists were more likely to change "Jesus" to "the Lord" than visa versa. The reading "the Lord Jesus" is a mixture of the other two.

Luke 7:19:

NOTES: "should we be looking for [someone] different?"
EVIDENCE: A D Theta f1 f13 Maj
TRANSLATIONS: RSV? NASVn NIV? TEV?

COMMENTS: The two Greek synonyms involved can both be translated "another" or "someone else," so it is difficult to tell which text most translations have followed. Since the parallel in Matthew 11:3 has "[someone] different," most likely "another" is original here and some copyists changed this passage to read the same as its parallel.

Luke 7:39:

NOTES: "If this [man] were the prophet"
EVIDENCE: B* Xi
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The article "the" seems to have been added by a couple of copyists as a reference to Deuteronomy 18:15. Latin does not have a definite article.

Luke 8:3:

NOTES: "who were providing for him"
EVIDENCE: S A L X Pi Psi f1 33 565 1241 some Byz most Lect some lat later vg syr(h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn

COMMENTS: The plural "them" is read by early manuscripts of several kinds of ancient text. The singular may have been borrowed by copyists from similar statements in Matthew 27:55 and Mark 15:41.

Luke 8:26:

NOTES: "they sailed down to the country of the Gadarenes"
EVIDENCE: A K W Delta Pi Psi f13 28 565 700variant 892 1010 Byz Lect syr(c,s,p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn

NOTES: "they sailed down to the country of the Gergesenes"
EVIDENCE: S L X Theta Xi f1 33 700* 1241 syr(pal) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: Gerasa, Gadara, and Gergesa were all cities of the region called Decapolis, so each reading would refer to the same country. It seems most likely that "Gerasenes" was original here and in Mark 5:1, while "Gadarenes" was original in Matthew 8:28. The reading "Gergesenes" seems to have been proposed by Origen, and added to manuscripts under his influence.

Luke 8:37:

NOTES: "the region around that of the Gadarenes"
EVIDENCE: S^a A K W Delta Pi Psi 28 565 700variant 892 1010 Byz syr(c,s,p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn

NOTES: "the region around that of the Gergesenes"
EVIDENCE: S*^,b C² ("Gergarsenes") L P X Theta f1 f13 33 700* 1241 syr(pal) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEB

COMMENTS: Gerasa, Gadara, and Gergesa were all cities of the region called Decapolis, so each reading would refer to the same country. It seems most likely that "Gerasenes" was original here and in Mark 5:1, while "Gadarenes" was original in Matthew 8:28. The reading "Gergesenes" seems to have been proposed by Origen, and added to manuscripts under his influence.

Luke 8:43:

NOTES: "flow of blood for twelve years and could not be cured"
EVIDENCE: p⁷⁵ B D one lat syr(s) most syr(pal) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASV NIV NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: The phrase "who had spent [her] whole living on doctors" is in brackets in the UBS text, because of the early manuscripts of different text types that omit it. The phrase is a summary of Mark 5:26. The question is whether it was added by copyists or was original with Luke. Since the Greek word for "spent" here is a different word than "spent" in Mark and it is found nowhere else in the New Testament, it was judged that Luke was more likely to have written it. Copyists would probably have used the same word. The evidence listed in braces includes the word "her."

Luke 8:44:

NOTES: "came up and touched his cloak"
EVIDENCE: D some lat
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn (includes "behind [him]")

COMMENTS: Although the words could have been added from the exact parallel in Matthew 9:20, the evidence for their being original here is very great.

Luke 8:45:

NOTES: "Peter and those who were with him said"
EVIDENCE: S A C D K L P W X Delta Theta Xi Psi f1 f13 28 33 565 700variant 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSVn NASVn NEB

COMMENTS: The addition "and those who were with him" may be due to copyists trying to harmonize this verse with the parallel in Mark 5:31, which reads "his disciples said."

Luke 9:2:

NOTES: "to preach the kingdom of God and to heal."
EVIDENCE: B syr(c,s)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASV NEB

COMMENTS: The words "the sick" are in brackets in the UBS text. Two different forms of the Greek word for "sick" are found in the manuscripts that have it. "The sick" is included here since elsewhere Luke always uses an object with the active infinitive "to heal."