NOTES: "desiring to fill his stomach with the carob pods"
EVIDENCE: A K P X Delta Theta Pi Psi 28 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(s,p,h) cop (north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSVn NASV NIV NEB

OTHER: "desiring to fill [his] stomach and eat [his] fill from the carob pods"
EVIDENCE: W

COMMENTS: The text reading was chosen because it is found in early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western types of ancient text. The word translated "to eat [his] fill" has the connotation "to be satisfied" and perhaps copyists reasoned that no one could be satisfied with just carob pods; thus they changed it to "fill his stomach."

Luke 15:21:

NOTES: "I am no longer worthy to be called your son; make me like one of your hired servants."
EVIDENCE: S B D X 33 700 1241 one lat syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the second clause was omitted accidently when copyists' eyes jumped from "your" to "your" (which stands last in both clauses in Greek), it is more likely that it was added by copyists from verse 19.

Luke 16:12:

NOTES: "who will give ^plyou that which is our own?"
EVIDENCE: B L
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASVn

COMMENTS: In later times the Greek words for "^plyour" and "our" were pronounced alike. Thus "our" is probably due to a mistake of the ear. In writing there is only one letter difference. Three Latin manuscripts read "my own," a reading which can be traced to Marcion.

Luke 17:24:

NOTES: "so shall the Son of man be."
EVIDENCE: p⁷⁵ B D some lat cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NIVn

OTHER: "so shall be the advent of the Son of man."
EVIDENCE: four lat (one adds "in his day") one cop(north)

COMMENTS: The words "in his day" are in brackets in the UBS text. The Greek words for "man" and "his" (which stands last in the phrase) end in the same two letters. While it is possible that copyists added this phrase because of the several references to "day" and "days" in verses 22 through 31, it is also possible that the words were accidently omitted due to a mistake of the eye. Since they are not found in this exact form elsewhere, they are retained in the text. The reading with "advent" was taken from the parallel in Matthew 24:27.

Luke 17:36:

NOTES: include verse 36: "Two [men will be] in the field; one will be taken and the other will be left."
EVIDENCE: D 700 Lect f13 lat vg syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that verse 36 was omitted by a mistake of the eye, when copyists' eyes jumped from "left" in verse 35 to "left" in verse 36, since it is missing from so many manuscripts, it is more likely that it was added here by other copyists from the parallel passage in Matthew 24:40.

Luke 18:11:

NOTES: "Pharisee stood and started praying these things"
EVIDENCE: S* some lat cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: NEB

NOTES: "Pharisee, standing by himself, started praying these things"
EVIDENCE: D (both Greek and Latin)
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn TEV

COMMENTS: In the text reading the words "with himself" are found right after "standing" (which is translated "stood and") and right before "these things." This is very difficult to understand. If the words modify "started praying" they can be translated as above. If the words modify the aorist passive participle "standing," they may be a Semitism representing the Aramaic ethic dative which could be translated "taking his stand." Because of the difficulty in understanding the phrase, copyists either moved "with himself" next to "started praying" (the evidence is listed above in braces), omitted the words, changed them to "by himself," or omitted "these things."

Luke 18:24:

NOTES: "when Jesus saw him, he said"
EVIDENCE: S B L f1 1241 syr(pal) cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV

COMMENTS: The words "was very sorrowful" are in brackets in the UBS text. The evidence listed above in braces reads ". . . he saw . . . Jesus said." Actually the evidence for the text shows three different word orders for the name "Jesus," although the words in question are always found in the same position. It is possible that the words "was very sorrowful" were added from verse 23, but it is also possible that they were deleted by copyists as being repetitious. They are retained in the text because Luke elsewhere uses this same kind of repetition.

Luke 19:15:

NOTES: "he might know who had gained what by trading."
EVIDENCE: A K W Delta Theta Pi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 (omit "what") Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ("every man") NEB ("each")

COMMENTS: The difference between the two readings is the absence or presence of the word "who" (translated "every" or "each"). Although it is possible that "who" was omitted because of a mistake of the eye (in Greek the words for "who" and "what" stand together and are spelled almost alike--only one letter difference), it is also possible that "who" was added by copyists to make the narrative more precise. It is omitted from the text because it is missing from early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western types of ancient text.

Luke 19:42:

NOTES: "had known in this your day"
EVIDENCE: K W Delta Pi f13 28 33^vid 700 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn

COMMENTS: Since there seems to be no reason for a mistake of the eye here, it is more likely that copyists would have inserted "your" than deleted it.

Luke 19:42:

NOTES: "the things [that make] for your peace!"
EVIDENCE: A K W Delta Pi Psi f1 28 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect one lat most syr most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn NIV

OTHER: "the things [that make] for peace for you!"
EVIDENCE: D f13 most lat vg

COMMENTS: Since there seems to be no reason for a mistake of the eye here, it is more likely that copyists would have inserted "your" or "for you" than deleted it.

Luke 21:19:

NOTES: "By ^plyour endurance ^plyou will gain ^plyour lives."
EVIDENCE: A B Theta f13 33 most lat vg syr most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV

COMMENTS: The difference in Greek between "must gain" and "will gain" is only that of one vowel. Since several future tenses are used in previous verses, it is more likely that copyists changed the aorist imperative to the future indicative than visa versa.

Luke 21:38:

NOTES: insert John 7:53-8:11 following verse 38
EVIDENCE: eight of the twelve manuscripts in f13
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn

COMMENTS: This section was added here probably because the situation seemed similar to that described in John 8:1-2.

Luke 22:16:

NOTES: "I shall not eat it again until it is fulfilled"
EVIDENCE: C D K P W X Delta Pi Psi f13 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV RSVn NASV NIV NEB

COMMENTS: The word "not" seems to have been strengthened to "not again" on the pattern of Mark 14:25, especially since it seems that Christ did eat this meal.

Luke 22:19-20:

NOTES: "'This is my body. But behold, the hand of the one betraying me'"
EVIDENCE: D some lat {two lat syr(c) (v. 19 before v. 17)}
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV1 RSV2n NASVn NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: The order of cup--bread--cup for the last supper gave problems to several copyists who did not realize that the first cup was part of the passover meal and not part of the institution of the Lord's Supper. They solved this problem either by omitting verses 19b-20 or verses 17-18. Two Latin manuscripts and two Syrian texts also rearranged the text to have the bread first.

Luke 22:43-44:

NOTES: omit verses 43 and 44
EVIDENCE: p^69vid p⁷⁵ S^a A B T W some Lect one lat syr(s) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV1n RSV2 NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn

OTHER: include verses 43 and 44 after Matthew 26:39 instead of here
EVIDENCE: f13 some Lect (also the first part of verse 45)

COMMENTS: Verses 43 and 44 are enclosed by double brackets in the UBS text, which means that the UBS Textual Committee felt that they were not originally written by Luke. The fact that they are quoted by second century writers such as Justin Martyr and Irenaeus and are found in the second century Diatessaron, an early harmony of the four gospels by Tatian, is proof that they are quite old. While it is possible that they might have been omitted by copyists who did not approve of verses that showed such human weakness of Jesus, the fact that they are missing from several early manuscripts of Luke would seem to indicate that they were not originally present. However, their age indicates that they may be regarded as true scripture which has come to find its place here in the canon.

Luke 22:62:

NOTES: omit verse 62
EVIDENCE: 0171^vid some lat
TRANSLATIONS: NEB

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the verse may have been copied exactly from the parallel in Matthew 26:75, the fact that it is included in so many manuscripts indicates that it was probably accidently omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from the "And" at the beginning of the verse to the "And" at the beginning of the next verse.

Luke 22:68:

NOTES: "^plyou will not answer me or release [me]."
EVIDENCE: A D K W X Delta Pi Psi f13 28 565 700 892 (omit "me") 1010 Byz Lect lat vg syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV

OTHER: "^plyou will not answer me."
EVIDENCE: Theta f1 cop(south)

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the words "me or release" were accidently omitted through a mistake of the eye (the Greek words for "answer" and "release" end with the same three letters), it is not possible that just the words "or release" were accidently omitted that way. Therefore the UBS Textual Committee felt that both "me" and "me or release" were early natural additions by copyists.

Luke 23:15:

NOTES: "And neither did Herod, for I sent ^plyou over to him."
EVIDENCE: A D W X Delta Psi f1 28 565 700 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn

OTHER: "And neither did Herod, for he sent him back to ^plyou."
EVIDENCE: f13

OTHER: "And neither did Herod, for I sent him over to him."
EVIDENCE: syr(c,s,p)

COMMENTS: Another variation exists in later manuscripts ("I sent him to ^plyou"). Of all these variations, only two commend themselves, and the text reading has the stronger evidence supporting it. Since in later Greek, the words for "^plyou" and "us" sounded alike, the evidence of family 13 may be taken as supporting the text reading.

Luke 23:17:

NOTES: include verse 17: "·Now he had an obligation to release one [prisoner] to them at the feast."
EVIDENCE: S W X Delta {Theta Psi} f1 f13 28 565 700 {892margin} 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn

NOTES: include verse 17 after verse 19
EVIDENCE: {D (both Greek and Latin)} syr(c,s)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn

COMMENTS: The evidence listed above in braces has a different word order for verse 17. Although it is possible that the verse was accidently omitted through a mistake of the eye (verse 17 and verse 18 both begin with the same three letters), its omission from several early manuscripts as well as the different positions and word orders in which it is found would indicate that it was added by copyists based on the parallels in Matthew 27:15 and Mark 15:6.

Luke 23:34:

NOTES: "one on the left. Now to divide his clothes"
EVIDENCE: p⁷⁵ S^a B D* W Theta 0124 1241 two lat syr(s) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn

COMMENTS: The words that are omitted are enclosed by double brackets in the UBS text, which means that the UBS Textual Committee felt that they were not originally written by Luke. The fact that they are quoted by second century writers such as Justin Martyr and Irenaeus and are found in the second century Diatessaron, an early harmony of the four gospels by Tatian, is proof that they are quite old. But unless one says that they were omitted by copyists who thought that the destruction of Jerusalem meant that Jesus' prayer was unanswered, the fact that they are missing from several early manuscripts of different types of ancient text would seem to indicate that they were not originally present. However, their age indicates that they may be regarded as true scripture which has come to find its place here in the canon.

Luke 23:38:

NOTES: "an inscription written over him in letters of Greek and Latin and Hebrew, 'This [is] the King'"
EVIDENCE: S*^,b (omit "written") A C³ D K W X Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) some cop(north) (omit "written")
TRANSLATIONS: KJV RSVn

OTHER: "an inscription written over him, 'This [is] the King'"
EVIDENCE: C* one lat syr(c,s)

COMMENTS: The additional words are found with several different word orders and with two different words being used for "written." This combined with their omission from several early manuscripts would indicate that they were added by copyists from John 19:20.

Luke 23:42:

NOTES: "remember me whenever you come in your kingdom."
EVIDENCE: S A C K W X Delta Theta Pi Psi 0124 f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect three lat syr cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSVn NASV NEBn TEV? ("as King")

OTHER: "remember me in the day of your coming."
EVIDENCE: D (both Greek and Latin)

COMMENTS: While it is possible that "into" is a scribal correction introduced as fitting better with "come" than "in," the UBS Textual Committee felt that the reading "into" fit better with Luke's theology (see Luke 24:26).

Luke 23:45:

NOTES: "while the sun was darkened."
EVIDENCE: A C³ D K W X Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 f13 28 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz some Lect lat vg syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV RSVn

OTHER: "while the sun['s light] failed and the sun was darkened."
EVIDENCE: C²(vid)

OTHER: omit the phrase
EVIDENCE: 33

COMMENTS: Since the text reading can also be translated "the sun was eclipsed" and no solar eclipse was possible at the time of the full moon that marked the Passover feast, the reading "the sun was darkened" seems to be a scribal correction to remove a possible mistake.

Luke 24:3:

NOTES: "did not find the body."
EVIDENCE: D some lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NEB

OTHER: "did not find the body of Jesus."
EVIDENCE: 1241 syr(c,s,p) one cop(north) one cop(south)

COMMENTS: While it is possible that the words "of the Lord Jesus" is a natural expansion, the weight of evidence, combined with the fact that there is only one minor variation, would indicate that the words were original. The word "Lord" may have been omitted from a few manuscripts either accidently (it ends with the same two letters as "the") or when copyists changed it to be like Luke 23:52. Luke elsewhere uses "the Lord Jesus" in Acts 1:21; 4:33; and 8:16 of the risen Christ.

Luke 24:6:

NOTES: "among the dead? ·Remember how he spoke to ^plyou"
EVIDENCE: D some lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASVn NEB

OTHER: "among the dead? ·He is not here; he has been raised. Remember how he spoke to ^plyou"
EVIDENCE: C* syr(p) one cop(north)

COMMENTS: While it is possible that the missing sentence was derived by copyists from similar sentences in the parallels of Matthew 28:6 and Mark 16:6, the fact that neither the text reading nor the minor variations of it read exactly like either of those parallels indicates that the text reading is original. It is supported by most early manuscripts of several types of ancient text.

Luke 24:9:

NOTES: "and returning they told all these things"
EVIDENCE: D some lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

COMMENTS: While it is possible that the words "from the tomb" were added by copyists from the parallels in Matthew 28:8 and Mark 16:8, it is also possible that the words were accidently omitted by a mistake of the eye (the Greek word for "they told" begins with the same two letters as "from"). The fact that the words are found in most early manuscripts of several types of ancient text indicates that they are original.

Luke 24:12:

NOTES: omit verse 12
EVIDENCE: D some lat some syr(pal)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASVn NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that verse 12 was added by copyists as a synopsis of John 20:3, 5, 6, and 10, the likelihood of such happening without variations in so many manuscripts is very small. The fact that the verse is found in most early manuscripts of several types of ancient text indicates that it is original.

Luke 24:13:

NOTES: "which was a hundred and sixty stades distance"
EVIDENCE: S K* Theta Pi 079^vid syr(pal)
TRANSLATIONS: RSVn

OTHER: "which was seven stades distance"
EVIDENCE: one lat

COMMENTS: The word "hundred" was probably added by copyists because many ancient teachers identified Emmaus with modern Nicopolis, which is 176 stades from Jerusalem. The reading "seven" probably came from the fact that sixty stades is about seven miles, with the copyist becoming mixed up and giving the number of miles with the measure in stades.

Luke 24:32:

NOTES: "our hearts burning while he was speaking to us"
EVIDENCE: p⁷⁵ B D (both Greek and Latin) {two lat syr(c,s) (also omit "while he was speaking to us")}
TRANSLATIONS: RSV2n NEB

COMMENTS: The words "within us" are in brackets in the UBS text because they are missing from early manuscripts of two different kinds of ancient text. The are retained in the text because it is possible that they were omitted from those manuscripts because they seem to be redundant following "our."

Luke 24:36:

NOTES: "stood in their midst."
EVIDENCE: D some lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASV NEB TEVn

OTHER: "stood in their midst and said to them, 'Peace to ^plyou. It is I; quit being afraid.'"
EVIDENCE: P W 1241 three lat vg syr(p,h,pal) some cop(north)

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the words "and said to them, 'Peace to ^plyou'" were added by copyists from the parallel in John 20:19, the fact that they are found in so many early manuscripts of several types of ancient text indicates that they are original. The words "It is I; quit being afraid" were apparently added by copyists from the time that the disciples saw Jesus walking on the water and thought that he was a ghost, as found in Matthew 14:27, Mark 6:50, and John 6:20.

Luke 24:40:

NOTES: omit verse 40
EVIDENCE: D some lat syr(c,s)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASV NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: While it is possible that this verse was added by copyists from John 20:20 with "his side" changed to "his feet" to match verse 39, the fact that the verse is found in early manuscripts of several types of ancient text indicates that it is original.

Luke 24:42:

NOTES: "a piece of broiled fish and [some] of a honeycomb, ·and he took [it]"
EVIDENCE: K X Delta Theta Psi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(c,p,h+,pal) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the words "and of a honeycomb" were accidently omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from "and" to "and," the fact that these words are missing from early manuscripts of several types of ancient text makes it unlikely that they are original. Since some parts of the early church used honey in the celebration of the Lord's Supper and the baptismal ceremony, perhaps they were added to give scriptural support to this liturgical practice.

Luke 24:47:

NOTES: "repentance and the forgiveness of sins"
EVIDENCE: A C D K L W X Delta Theta Pi Psi f1 f13 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 Byz Lect lat vg syr(s,h,pal)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASVn NIV TEV

COMMENTS: Luke uses both expressions: "repentance for forgiveness" in Luke 3:3 and "repentance and forgiveness" in Acts 5:31. The UBS Textual Committee decided that copyists would have been more likely to have changed "for" (literally, "into") to "and" than visa versa, because of the second use of "into" (often translated "to") in the prepositional phrase "to all nations" later on in the verse.

Luke 24:51:

NOTES: "he parted from them."
EVIDENCE: S* D some lat syr(s) ("was lifted up")
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV1 RSV2n NASV NEB TEVn

COMMENTS: The Sinaitic Syriac reading seems to be a condensation of the two phrases rather than an omission of the second. The omission of "and was carried up into heaven" in manuscript S* can be explained by a mistake of the eye, when the copyist's eye jumped from "and" to "and." It is also possible to explain the omission from manuscript D and the Latin manuscripts as a mistake of the eye when copyists' eyes jumped from "them" to "him" in verse 52 (there is only one letter difference between these words in Greek). At any rate, the fact that the words are found in most early manuscripts of several types of ancient text indicates that they are original.

Luke 24:52:

NOTES: "And they returned to Jerusalem"
EVIDENCE: D some lat syr(s)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASV NEB

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the reference to worship could have been added by copyists from Matthew 28:17, this does not seem likely. The omission may have been caused by a mistake of the eye when copyists' eyes jumped from "them" in verse 51 to "him" (there is only one letter difference between these words in Greek). At any rate, the fact that the words are found in most early manuscripts of several types of ancient text indicates that they are original.