TEXT: "peace from God our Father."
EVIDENCE: B D K Psi 33 81 1739 1881 most lat earlier vg syr(p,h)
cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: B
NOTES: "peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus
Christ."
EVIDENCE: S A C G I 104 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect three lat later vg
cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NIVn
OTHER: "peace from God our Father and Jesus Christ our
Lord."
EVIDENCE: P one lat syr(h+)
COMMENTS: The additional words "and the Lord Jesus Christ"
are found at the beginning of most of Paul's other letters. It is likely
that copyists added them here to make this letter begin in this way also.
TEXT: "He is a faithful servant of Christ on plyour behalf"
EVIDENCE: Sc C Dc K P
Psi 33 81 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn
RANK: C
NOTES: "He is a faithful servant of Christ on our
behalf"
EVIDENCE: p46 S* A B D* G 2495 two lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
COMMENTS: In later Greek the words "plyour" and "our" were pronounced alike. Although the
reading "our" is found in early manuscripts, the large number of early
translations that read "plyour" make it
likely that copyists changed "plyour" to
"our" under the influence of the preceding "our" and the following "us."
TEXT: "who has made plyou
sufficient"
EVIDENCE: S B 104 1739 1881 cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NIV NEB TEV
RANK: C
NOTES: "who has made us sufficient"
EVIDENCE: A C D G K P Psi 33 81vid 614
630 1241 2495 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASV NIVn
COMMENTS: In later Greek "plyou" and "us" were pronounced alike. It is possible
that copyists changed "plyou" to "us" under
the influence of the "us" in verse 13.
TEXT: "·he has thus now reconciled in his body"
EVIDENCE: S A C Dc K {P Psi} 048 {81} 104 614 630
1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: D
NOTES: "·plyou have
thus now been reconciled in his body"
EVIDENCE: {p46} B {33}
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn
OTHER: "·thus now being reconciled in his body"
EVIDENCE: D* G four lat
COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces is misspelled. The
passive readings are difficult grammatically. Although it is possible that
the original reading was in the passive voice and was changed to make for
smoother reading, the majority of the evidence seems to favor the active
voice of the text reading.
TEXT: "knowledge of God's mystery, of Christ"
EVIDENCE: p46 B
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV?
RANK: B
NOTES: "knowledge of God's mystery, which is Christ"
EVIDENCE: D* four lat
TRANSLATIONS: TEV?
NOTES: "knowledge of the mystery of God, Father of
Christ"
EVIDENCE: S* A C 048 four lat cop(north) some cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: TEVn
NOTES: "knowledge of the mystery of the God and Father and
of Christ"
EVIDENCE: Dc K 104 614 630 2495 Byz Lect syr(h+)
syr(p) ("God the Father")
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NIVn TEVn
NOTES: "knowledge of God's mystery"
EVIDENCE: Db H P 1881 one cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: TEVn
OTHER: "knowledge of the mystery of Christ"
EVIDENCE: 81 1241 1739
OTHER: "knowledge of the mystery of the God and Father of
Christ"
EVIDENCE: Sb Psi syr(h)
COMMENTS: If the text reading is original, this offers the
best explanation for the many other readings, most of which are expansions
designed to remove the ambiguity of the text reading.
TEXT: "abounding in thanksgiving."
EVIDENCE: S* A C I(vid) 0208 33 81 1241 1739 1881 one lat earlier vg most
cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: C
NOTES: "abounding in it in thanksgiving."
EVIDENCE: {Sb} B {D*}
Dc H K 104 614 630 2495 Byz Lect {most lat} two
lat {later vg} syr(p,h) cop(north) one cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn NASVn
OTHER: "abounding in it."
EVIDENCE: P Psi 048vid
COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces has "in him"
instead of "in it." Although it is possible that "in it" was accidently
omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from "in" to "in," it is also possible
that "in it" was borrowed by copyists from 4:2. It is likely that "in it"
was changed to "in him" under the influence of the two previous uses of "in
him" in the sentence.
TEXT: "taking his stand on what he has seen [in
visions]"
EVIDENCE: p46 S* A B D* I 33 1739 three lat
cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: B
NOTES: "taking his stand on what he has not seen"
EVIDENCE: Sc C Dc {F
G} K P Psi 104 614 630 1241 1881 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn
COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces uses a different
word for "not" than that used in most witnesses that have it. The word is
missing from early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western types of
ancient text. Perhaps it was added by copyists under the influence of the
word "vainly."
TEXT: "·Whenever Christ [who is] plyour life appears"
EVIDENCE: p46 S C D* G P Psi 33 81 104 1881 lat
vg cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NIV TEV
RANK: C
NOTES: "·Whenever Christ [who is] our life
appears"
EVIDENCE: B Dc H K 614 630 1241 1739 2495 Byz
Lect syr(p,h) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASV NIVn NEB
COMMENTS: In later Greek "plyour" and "our" were pronounced alike, so the two
readings are due to a mistake of the ear. Although it is possible that "our"
was misunderstood as "plyour" due to the
surrounding uses of "plyour" and "plyou," the text reading is supported by early
manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western kinds of ancient text.
TEXT: "wrath of God is coming on the sons of
disobedience."
EVIDENCE: S A C Dc G H I K P Psi 33 81 104 614
630 1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSVn NASVn NIVn TEV
RANK: D
NOTES: "wrath of God is coming."
EVIDENCE: p46 B D*(vid) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASV NIV NEB TEVn
COMMENTS: The words "on the sons of disobedience" are
enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. While it is possible that they were
borrowed by copyists from the parallel passage in Ephesians 5:6, the fact
that they are missing from only a few manuscripts makes it possible that they
are original.
TEXT: "just as the Lord has forgiven plyou"
EVIDENCE: p46 A B D* G most lat vg
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: C
NOTES: "just as Christ has forgiven plyou"
EVIDENCE: Sc C D K P Psi 81 104 614 630 1241 1739
1881 2495 Byz Lect two lat syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn
OTHER: "just as God has forgiven plyou"
EVIDENCE: S*
OTHER: "just as God in Christ has forgiven plyou"
EVIDENCE: 33
COMMENTS: The readings "God" and "God in Christ" were
apparently taken from Ephesians 4:32. Perhaps the reading "Christ" was
influenced by the use of that name in verses 15 and 16. The text reading is
supported by early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western types of
ancient text.
TEXT: "·The word of Christ must be indwelling"
EVIDENCE: p46 Sc B
C2 D G K P Psi 81 614 630 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect
lat vg syr(p,h) one cop(north) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: B
NOTES: "·The word of the Lord must be indwelling"
EVIDENCE: S* I most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASVn
NOTES: "·The word of God must be indwelling"
EVIDENCE: A C* 33 104 1241
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASVn
COMMENTS: Both the phrase "the word of the Lord" and "the
word of God" are more common than "the word of Christ." It is probable
therefore that the less common phrase was replaced by a more common phrase.
TEXT: "singing with thankfulness in plyour hearts to God."
EVIDENCE: p46 S A B C* D* G
Psic 33 81 1739 1881 most lat vg syr(p,h) most
cop(north) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: B
NOTES: "singing with thankfulness in plyour hearts to the Lord."
EVIDENCE: C2 Dc K Psi*
104 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect four lat some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NEBn
COMMENTS: Apparently the reading "the Lord" was borrowed by
copyists from the parallel passage in Ephesians 5:19.
TEXT: "do not be provoking plyour children [with nagging]"
EVIDENCE: p46vid S B
D2 Psi Maj most lat most vg
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: -
NOTES: "do not be provoking plyour children to anger"
EVIDENCE: A C D* F G L 0198 33 81 104 1175 1241(supp) 1739margin 2495 some
vg
TRANSLATIONS: NASVn
COMMENTS: Apparently the reading "provoking to anger" was
borrowed by copyists from the parallel passage in Ephesians 6:4.
TEXT: "the brothers at Laodicea, and Nympha and the church
in her house."
EVIDENCE: B 1739 1881 lat? vg? syr(h) one syr(pal) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: C
NOTES: "the brothers at Laodicea, and Nymphas and the church
in his house."
EVIDENCE: D G K Psi 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect lat? vg? syr(p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NEBn TEVn
NOTES: "the brothers at Laodicea, and Nympha
and the church in their house."
EVIDENCE: S A C P 33 81 104 one syr(pal) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NASVn
COMMENTS: The names "Nymphas" (masculine) and "Nympha"
(feminine) are spelled alike in the accusative case, except for accent marks,
which are not used in the early manuscripts. The confusion in spelling
caused some copyists to either change either "his" to "her" or "her" to
"his." Copyists would probably be more likely to change "her" to "his" than
vice versa. The reading "their" apparently came from copyists taking "the
brothers" as the noun to which to the pronoun refers.
