NOTES: "Grace to ^plyou and peace from God our Father and [the] Lord Jesus Christ"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A D I K L P 33 81 104 630 1241 Byz some vg cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: Apparently copyists expanded the greeting to that found in most of Paul's other letters. If the extra words had been original, there would have been not reason to omit them. They are missing from both Alexandrian and Western manuscripts.

1 Thessalonians 2:7:

NOTES: "But we were gentle in ^plyour midst"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c A C² D^c K P Psi^c 33 81 104^c 614 630 1241 1739 1881 Byz Lect syr(p,h) most cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB

COMMENTS: There is only one letter difference between the Greek words for "infants" and "gentle." That letter is also found at the end of the previous word. Thus MENNHPIOI may have been read as MENHPIOI or vice versa. Although "gentle" seems to make better sense, the harsh switching of metaphors from "infants" to "mother" would have prompted copyists to have misread (or misheard) "infants" as "gentle."

1 Thessalonians 2:12:

NOTES: "God, who called ^plyou into his [own] kingdom"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A 104 most lat vg syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn

COMMENTS: Perhaps "calls" was changed to "called" under the influence of Galatians 1:6.

1 Thessalonians 2:15:

NOTES: "who killed the Lord Jesus and [their] own prophets"
EVIDENCE: D^c K Psi 104 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect syr(p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n NEBn

COMMENTS: The word "own" may have been borrowed by copyists from verse 14. The text reading is found in early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western types of ancient text.

1 Thessalonians 2:16:

NOTES: "But God's wrath has come upon them"
EVIDENCE: D E F G lat vg
TRANSLATIONS: RSV NRSV1989 NRSV2021n ESV-UK edition NIV TEV

COMMENTS: Apparently a number of Western copyists made it clear whose wrath was being discussed. The same is probably true of the English translations that have the reading in the notes.

1 Thessalonians 3:2:

NOTES: "our brother and fellow-worker in the gospel"
EVIDENCE: B 1962
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn

NOTES: "our brother and God's servant in the gospel"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A P Psi 81 1241 1739 1881 most lat vg syr(h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV2021n ESVn CSBn

NOTES: "our brother and God's servant and our fellow-worker in the gospel"
EVIDENCE: D^c K 104 614 630 2495 Byz Lect syr(p,h+)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n

COMMENTS: The reading that best explains the origin of the others is "God's fellow-worker." Copyists who objected to this equality with God either omitted "God's" or changed "fellow-worker" to "servant." The reading "God's servant and our fellow-worker" is a combination of two readings.

1 Thessalonians 3:13:

NOTES: "arrival of our Lord Jesus with all his saints."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^a B D^c G K Psi 33 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect two lat syr(p,h,pal) most cop(north) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn

COMMENTS: The word "Amen" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. Although it is possible that "Amen" was added because it came at the end of a lectionary reading, it is also possible that copyists omitted it because it came in the middle of the body of the letter.

1 Thessalonians 5:4:

NOTES: "for that day to overtake ^plyou like thieves."
EVIDENCE: A B most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASVn NEBn

COMMENTS: The sense of "like a thief" is "like a thief overtakes someone," not "like someone overtakes a thief." Apparently some copyists who misunderstood the text in this way changed "thief" to "thieves" to make it agree with the plural "^plyou."

1 Thessalonians 5:21:

NOTES: "prophesies; •keep examining all things"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)* A 33 81 104 614 630 some Byz Lect one lat syr(p,pal) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV NIV TEV

COMMENTS: It is possible that the word "but" was accidently omitted through a mistake of the eye, when copyists read PANTADEDOKI as PANTADOKI.

1 Thessalonians 5:25:

NOTES: "Brothers, keep praying for us."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A D^c G K P Psi 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV

COMMENTS: The word "also" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. Although it is possible that the word "also" was added from Colossians 4:3, it is also possible that it was omitted as unnecessary by copyists who failed to see the reference to prayer in verse 17.

1 Thessalonians 5:27:

NOTES: "[this] letter be read to all the holy brothers."
EVIDENCE: p^46vid Aleph(א)^c A K P Psi 33 81 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect some lat vg syr(p,h,pal) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn

COMMENTS: Since the Greek words for "the" and "holy" end with the same three letters, it is possible that "holy" was accidently omitted by copyists when their eyes jumped from the end of "the" to the end of "holy." On the other hand, it is also possible that "holy" was borrowed by copyists from verse 26.

1 Thessalonians 5:28:

NOTES: "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be] with ^plyou. Amen"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A D^c K L P Psi 81 104 614 630 1241 1739 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSVn

COMMENTS: Copyists often added "Amen" to the end of a book. It is missing from early manuscripts of multiple text types.

NOTES: "God [the] Father"
EVIDENCE: B D P 0111^vid 33 1739 1881 three lat {some cop(north)}
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV1989n NRSV2021 NASV95 NIV

COMMENTS: The word for "our" is in brackets in the UBS text. The evidence in braces also adds "our" to the following "Lord." Although it is possible that copyists add the word "our" here in verse 2 based on its presence in verse 1, a majority of the UBS committee thought it best to include it since elsewhere when Paul sends greetings from the Father, he always says "our."

2 Thessalonians 2:2:

NOTES: "the day of Christ has come"
EVIDENCE: D² K 630 Maj
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

OTHER: "the day of the Lord Jesus has come"
EVIDENCE: 33

COMMENTS: Copyists often expanded references to the Lord. The text reading is supported by early manuscripts of multiple text types.

2 Thessalonians 2:3:

NOTES: "and the man of sin is revealed"
EVIDENCE: A D G K L P Psi 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASVn NIVn CSBn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that some Alexandrian copyists borrowed "lawlessness" from verse 7, it is also possible that other copyists changed the rare word "lawlessness" into the common word "sin."

2 Thessalonians 2:4:

NOTES: "he takes his seat as God in the temple of God"
EVIDENCE: D² (F G) K L 0278 614 630 1241 Byz Lect syr(p,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The addition of the words "as God" seems to be a later expansion showing the significance of taking the seat in the temple. The text reading is supported by early manuscripts of multiple text types.

2 Thessalonians 2:8:

NOTES: "whom the Lord will kill with the breath"
EVIDENCE: B D^c K 614 630 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect one cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NRSVn NASV

COMMENTS: The name "Jesus" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. On the one hand, copyists had a tendency to expand the name of the Lord and "Jesus" may have been borrowed from 2 Thessalonians 1:7-8. On the other hand, "Jesus" may have been accidently omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from the end of "Lord" to the end of "Jesus" (both end with the same letter).

2 Thessalonians 2:8:

NOTES: "whom the Lord Jesus will consume with the breath"
EVIDENCE: {Aleph(א) D*^vid} D^c {F G} K Psi {33} 614 630 1241 {1739} 1881 2495 Byz Lect lat? vg? syr(p,h) cop?
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NRSV2021n

COMMENTS: The evidence listed above in braces has a rare form of the verb that is only one letter different from the text reading. The other evidence supporting "consume" represents a grammatical correction to the more usual form of the verb. Although it is possible that the text reading was produced by copyists when they made the passage read like the similar passage in Isaiah 11:4 (which in the Greek Old Testament has "will kill"), it is also possible that the rare grammatical form of "will consume" was produced accidently through a mistake of the eyes or the ears.

2 Thessalonians 2:11:

NOTES: "God will send them a working of error"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² D² Psi Maj most lat later vg most cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NASV*

COMMENTS: There is only one letter difference between the future and the present tense. The text reading is found in early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western kinds of ancient text.

2 Thessalonians 2:13:

NOTES: "God picked ^plyou from the beginning for salvation"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) D K L Psi 104 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect some lat syr(p) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSVn ESVn NASV NIV84 NIV2011n NEB REB TEVn CSB

COMMENTS: There is only one letter's difference between "as firstfruits" and "from the beginning." The UBS Textual Committee preferred "firstfruits" because the prepositional phrase "from the beginning" is not used elsewhere by Paul while he uses the word "firstfruits" six other times, and in two of those places some copyists have changed "firstfruits" to "from the beginning."

2 Thessalonians 3:6:

NOTES: "the tradition that ^plyou received from us."
EVIDENCE: B F G 2495 one lat syr(h) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NRSVn ESV NASV NIV NEB REB

OTHER: "the tradition that he received from us."
EVIDENCE: five Byz manuscripts
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV

COMMENTS: The evidence for the text reading is spelled two different ways. The UBS text follows the spelling of an Alexandrian dialect of Greek. The evidence listed in braces has a more usual form of the word. The third person plural was probably changed to the second person plural by copyists because of the great number of references to "^plyou" in the surrounding verses. The CSB omits any pronoun here.

2 Thessalonians 3:16:

NOTES: "give ^plyou peace at all times in every place."
EVIDENCE: A* D* F G 33 lat vg
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn

COMMENTS: Some copyists have apparently replaced "in every way" with "in every place," an expression found several times elsewhere (see 1 Corinthians 1:2; 2 Corinthians 2:14; 1 Thessalonians 1:8; 1 Timothy 2:8).

2 Thessalonians 3:18:

NOTES: "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be] with ^plyou all. Amen"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c A D G K P Psi 81 104 614 630 1241 1881 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSVn

COMMENTS: Copyists often added "Amen" at the end of a book. It is missing from the earliest manuscripts.