NOTES: "nothing into the world; [it is] evident that neither can"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c D^c K L P Psi 104 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect most lat? syr(p,h) vg?
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASV73n CSBn

OTHER: "nothing into the world; [it is] true that neither can"
EVIDENCE: D* three lat most lat? vg?

COMMENTS: The same Greek word can be translated "because" or "that"; thus the differences in the readings are in the additions of "evident" or "true." The Coptic version has "and" which is apparently a paraphrase of "because." It seems that "evident" and "true" are additions by copyists designed to smooth out the grammar.

1 Timothy 6:17:

NOTES: "have their hope set on the uncertainty of riches but on the living God"
EVIDENCE: D K L 630 1241 Maj some lat later vg syr some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading, which is supported by manuscripts from multiple text types, was apparently expanded by copyists from I Timothy 3:15 and 4:10.

1 Timothy 6:21:

NOTES: "Grace [be] with you."
EVIDENCE: D* 1881 two lat
TRANSLATIONS: NRSVn

NOTES: "Grace [be] with ^plyou. Amen."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² P most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: NRSVn

NOTES: "Grace [be] with you. Amen."
EVIDENCE: D¹ K L Psi 104 614 630 1241 1739 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg syr(p,h) one cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV? NRSVn

COMMENTS: Since the letter is addressed to Timothy, copyists were more likely to change the plural to the singular than vice versa. Copyists often added "Amen" to the end of a book they had copied. Some English translations leave the second person pronoun ambigious, here marked with a question mark. The south Coptic manusripts omit the whole sentence.

NOTES: "our Savior Jesus Christ"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² C D² F G K L P Psi 33 81 104 630 1241 1739 1881 Maj most lat syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021 NEB REB

COMMENTS: While it is possible that copyists were influenced by verse 9 to change the order of words, the text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

2 Timothy 1:11:

NOTES: "I was appointed a preacher and apostle and teacher of Gentiles"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c C D G K P Psi 81 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

OTHER: "I was appointed a preacher and apostle and servant (or, deacon)"
EVIDENCE: 33

COMMENTS: Although most manuscripts contain the word translated "of Gentiles," there is no good reason for it to have been omitted if original. Apparently copyists borrowed it from the similar verse in 1 Timothy 2:7.

2 Timothy 2:13:

NOTES: "he cannot deny himself"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² K Psi 630 1241 Maj lat syr(h) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

2 Timothy 2:14:

NOTES: "charge [them] before the Lord not to be fighting"
EVIDENCE: A D K P Psi 048 81 104 1241 1739 1881 Byz Lect five lat vg syr(p,h) some cop(north) one cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV1989n NRSV2021 ESVn CSBn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that "before God" was taken from 1 Timothy 5:4, 21 and 2 Timothy 4:1, a majority of the UBS Textual Committee felt that this was probably Paul's original usage.

2 Timothy 2:18:

NOTES: "saying that a resurrection has already happened"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) G 048 33
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NRSV2021

COMMENTS: The word "the" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. The great majority of evidence indicates that it original. Latin and Syriac do not have a definite article.

2 Timothy 4:10:

NOTES: "Crescens has gone to Gaul"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) C 81 104 earlier vg most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASVn NEBn REBn

COMMENTS: There are only two letters' difference in the spelling of "Galatia" and "Gaul" in Greek. Since the two places were inhabited by the same race of people, in the early centuries of this era "Gaul" was called "Galatia." Thus the reading "Gaul" may be due to a misspelling or it may be due to copyists who felt that the "Galatia" referred to was actually "Gaul." Gaul is in modern day France, while Galatia is in modern day Turkey.

2 Timothy 4:22:

NOTES: "Grace [be] with ^plyou. Amen"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² D^c K P Psi 104 614 630 1241 1739 2495 Byz Lect some lat vg syr(h) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSVn

OTHER: "Grace [be] with you. Amen"
EVIDENCE: syr(p) one cop(north)

OTHER: "Be well in peace. Amen"
EVIDENCE: D* three lat

COMMENTS: Copyists often added "Amen" to the end of a book they had copied. The south Coptic manusripts omit the whole sentence.

NOTES: "Grace, mercy, peace"
EVIDENCE: A C² K 81 104 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect syr(h) one cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSVn

COMMENTS: While it is possible that the word "mercy" was omitted to make the greeting like that in most of Paul's letters, it is also possible that it was added from 1 Timothy 1:2 and 2 Timothy 1:2. The text reading is supported by the majority of early manuscripts of multiple text types.

Titus 2:7:

, dignity,"
EVIDENCE: p^32vid Aleph(א) A C D* F G P 33 81 1739 1881 lat cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: -

NOTES: "In [your] teaching [show] integrity , dignity, incorruptibility,"
EVIDENCE: D² K L Psi 104 630 1241 Maj syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The word "incorruptibility" (also found in 2 Timothy 1:10 among other places) was perhaps added by later copyists as an explanation of the rare word translated "integrity" or "incorruption." The text reading is supported by early manuscripts of multiple text types.

Titus 3:15:

TEXT: "Grace [be] with ^plyou all."
EVIDENCE: p^61vid Aleph(א)* A C D* 048 1739 1881 one lat most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: B

NOTES: "Grace [be] with ^plyou all. Amen."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² D¹ G H K P Psi 104 614 630 1241 2495 Byz most Lect most lat bg syr(p,h) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSVn

COMMENTS: Copyists often added "Amen" to the end of a book they had copied.

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Paul's Letter to Philemon

Philemon 2-25

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Philemon 2:

TEXT: "to Apphia [our] sister"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A D* F G I P 048 0278 33 81 104 1739 1881 early vg most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: -

NOTES: "to Apphia [our] beloved"
EVIDENCE: D² K L Psi 630 1241 Maj syr(p) some cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n CSBn

OTHER: "to Apphia [our] beloved sister"
EVIDENCE: some lat later vg syr(h)

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by early manuscripts of multiple text types.

Philemon 6:

TEXT: "every good thing that is in us for Christ."
EVIDENCE: A C D K Psi 048^vid 81 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect three lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NRSV ESV NASV73n NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: C

NOTES: "every good thing that is in ^plyou for Christ."
EVIDENCE: p⁶¹ Aleph(א) G P 33 104 1739 1881 five lat vg syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV NRSV2021n NASV CSBn

OTHER: "every good thing that is for Christ."
EVIDENCE: four lat

COMMENTS: The words "us" and "^plyou" were pronounced alike in later Greek. Because of all the second person pronouns in the context, "us" was more likely to be misunderstood as "^plyou" than vice versa.

Philemon 6:

TEXT: "every good thing that is in us for Christ"
EVIDENCE: p⁶¹ Aleph(א)* A C 33 cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: -

NOTES: "every good thing that is in us for Christ Jesus"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² D F G K L P Psi 0278 81 104 630 1241 1739 1881 Maj lat vg syr(p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n

COMMENTS: Copyists had a tendency to add to divine names. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Philemon 7:

TEXT: "For I had much joy"
EVIDENCE: p^61vid Aleph(א) A C F G P 048 0278 33 81 104 1739 1881 one lat vg cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: -

NOTES: "For we had much joy"
EVIDENCE: D K L Psi 630 1241 Maj one lat syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Philemon 11:

TEXT: "useful both to you and to me"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)*^,2 F G 33 104 vg syr(p)
TRANSLATIONS: [RSV NRSV ESV ("indeed")] NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: -

NOTES: "useful to you and to me"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c A C D K L P 0278 81 630 1241 1739 1881 Maj old lat syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV

COMMENTS: The same Greek word kai can be translated as "and," "indeed," or "both" depending upon usage. It is found in brackets in the UBS text. The original NRSV double translates it as "indeed ... both"; the updated edition has a footnote which does the same.

Philemon 12:

TEXT: "I have sent him back to you, [yes], him, this one who is my [very] heart."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)* A {F G} 33
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: B

NOTES: "I have sent him back to you, [yes], receive him, this one who is my [very] heart."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² C D {K L P} Psi {0278 81 104 630 1241 1739 1881 Maj lat (syr)}
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n CSBn

COMMENTS: Apparently copyists introduced the word "receive" at various places in the sentence from verse 17 to smooth out a rather awkward construction. The evidence in braces has the subject "you" rather than "to you."

Philemon 20:

TEXT: "Refresh my heart in Christ"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A C D* F G L P Psi 33 81 104 630 1241 1739 1881 one vg syr cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: -

NOTES: "Refresh my heart in the Lord"
EVIDENCE: D² K Maj one lat most vg
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Philemon 25:

TEXT: "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 33 81 104 1739 1881 syr(h,pal)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: C

NOTES: "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ"
EVIDENCE: A C D K Psi 614 630 1241 2495 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV CSBn

COMMENTS: There was a tendency for copyists to expand the name and titles of Jesus.

Philemon 25:

TEXT: "[be] with ^plyour spirit."
EVIDENCE: A D* 048^vid 33 81 1881 two lat some cop(north) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
CERTAINTY: B

NOTES: "[be] with ^plyour spirit. Amen."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) C D^c K P Psi 104 614 630 1241 1739 2495 Byz most lat vg syr(p,h,pal) most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV NRSV2021n NASVn

COMMENTS: There was a tendency for copyists to add "Amen" at the end of a letter.

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