NOTES: "Moses also [was faithful] in God's house"
EVIDENCE: p¹³ p^46vid B cop
TRANSLATIONS: RSV NRSVn NEB REB TEV

COMMENTS: The word translated "all" is in brackets in the UBS text. It is possible that "all" was added here by copyists either from verse 5 or from the Greek Old Testament of Numbers 12:7. On the other, it is also possible that "all" was omitted by a few Alexandrian copyists and translators to make it parallel to the statement about Jesus being faithful over God's house.

Hebrews 3:6:

NOTES: "hold fast [our] boldness and the boast [that we have] of our hope firm until the end."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A C D K P Psi 33 81 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h,pal) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASV95 NASV2020n CSBn

COMMENTS: In spite of the fact that "firm until the end" is in most manuscripts here, it seems likely that it was borrowed by copyists from verse 14, especially since "firm" is in the feminine gender, as in verse 14, but it seems to refer to "boast" which is neuter gender.

Hebrews 3:9:

NOTES: "your fathers tested me, examining me"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² D² K L Psi 0278 104 630 1241 Maj some lat some vg syr(p)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n NIV NEB REB TEV CSB

COMMENTS: The evidence in braces includes the word "me." The text reading is supported by the majority of early manuscripts of multiple text types. The RSV, NRSV, ESV, and NASV2020 combine the two terms into "put me to the test" so it is difficult to know which reading they are supporting.

Hebrews 4:2:

NOTES: "because it was not united with faith within those who heard."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) some lat later vg syr(p) most cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSVn ESVn NASV95 NASV2020n NIV84 NIV2011n NEB REB TEV CSBn

COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces represents a different spelling. The same Greek word can be translated "heard" or "listened." The only difference in the reading regards the word "united." The text reading is accusative plural and the reading in the notes is nominative singular. The text reading is more difficult to understand, which probably explains why copyists changed it to an easier construction.

Hebrews 4:3:

NOTES: "Therefore we who have believed"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A C 81 104 1739 1881 cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASVn TEV

NOTES: "But we who have believed"
EVIDENCE: syr(p)
TRANSLATIONS: NIV ("Now")

COMMENTS: The NEB omits any conjunction here. Apparently "therefore" was borrowed from verses 1, 11, 14, and 16. The reading "but" or "now" is translational, not textual.

Hebrews 6:2:

NOTES: "of faith toward God, •[that is], teaching about baptizings"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ B two lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NRSV NIV? NEB REB

COMMENTS: The reading in the notes, which makes "teaching" in apposition with "faith" was probably a stylistic improvement made by copyists to lessen the number of genitives in the passage.

Hebrews 6:3:

NOTES: "And let us do this if God permits."
EVIDENCE: A C D P Psi 81 104 2495 some Byz one lat
TRANSLATIONS: RSVn NRSVn

COMMENTS: The difference between the two readings is the difference between a short "o" (text reading) and a long "o" (reading in the notes). The variation is thus probably due to a mistake of the ear, perhaps because of the preceding exhortation.

Hebrews 6:10:

NOTES: "God [is] not [so] unjust as to forget ^plyour work and the labor of love which ^plyou showed"
EVIDENCE: D² K L 630 1241 Maj cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the majority of early manuscripts of multiple text types. The reading "labor of love" seems to have be taken from 1 Thessalonians 1:3.

Hebrews 7:4:

NOTES: "to whom Abraham the patriarch gave a tenth"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ B D* 1739 1881 one lat some vg syr(p) cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSVn ESV NASV NEB REB TEV

COMMENTS: The Greek word for "even" is in brackets in the UBS text. Perhaps copyists deleted the word as unneeded.

Hebrews 7:21:

NOTES: "You [are] a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² A D K L P Psi 104 630 1241 1739 1881 Maj some vg syr some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n

COMMENTS: Apparently copyists borrowed the extra phrase from the quotations in 5:6 and 7:17. It is missing from the earliest manuscripts.

Hebrews 8:4:

NOTES: "since there are priests who offer the gifts"
EVIDENCE: D² K L (Psi) 0278 104 630 1241 Maj syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSV1989 NRSV2021n ESV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn

COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text that underlies English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the majority of early manuscripts of multiple text types.

Hebrews 8:8:

NOTES: "For he finds fault and says to them"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ Aleph(א)^c B D^c 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 Byz Lect
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn ESVn NIVn CSBn

COMMENTS: The difference between the two readings is only one letter in the word "them." It determines whether the word should be translated "with them" or "to them." The reading in the notes could also be translated "with them" and taken with "finds fault." A majority of the UBS Textual Committee felt that the text reading was slightly more likely to be changed to the reading in the notes than vice versa.

Hebrews 8:11:

NOTES: "they each shall not teach his neighbor"
EVIDENCE: P 81 104 630 most lat vg
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ESV NIV NEBn CSBn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that copyists changed the word "neighbor" to "fellow-citizen" so that it would read like the passage in the Greek Old Testament from which it is quoted, it is also possible that the more common word "neighbor" was substituted for "fellow-citizen."

Hebrews 8:12:

NOTES: "I will remember their sins and the acts of lawlessness no more"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² A D K L P 0285^vid 104 630 1241 Maj one vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n CSBn

COMMENTS: While it is possible that "and the acts of lawlessness" was omitted by copyists since they are not found in the Greek Old Testament (LXX) of Jeremiah 38:34 (31:34 in the Hebrew and English Bibles), it is more likely that they were added by other copyists from the similar statement in Hebrews 10:17. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Hebrews 9:1:

NOTES: "Now then, the first [covenant] had righteous requirements"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ B 1739 1881 syr(p) cop
TRANSLATIONS: NRSV2021 NIV REB

COMMENTS: The word translated "even," "also," or "indeed" is in brackets in the UBS text. The text reading is supported by early manuscripts of multiple text types.

Hebrews 9:11:

NOTES: "a high priest of the future good things"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A D^c I^vid K P 33 81 104 614 630 1241 1881 2495 Byz Lect most lat vg cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASV95 NASV2020n NIVn NEBn REBn TEVn CSBn

COMMENTS: Perhaps the phrase "future good things" was borrowed by copyists from Hebrews 10:1. The text reading is found in early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western types of ancient text.

Hebrews 9:14:

NOTES: "who through the Holy Spirit offered himself"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² D* P 81 104 630 some lat vg most cop
TRANSLATIONS: NRSVn

COMMENTS: Apparently some copyists replaced "eternal Spirit" with the more familiar "Holy Spirit." The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Hebrews 9:14:

NOTES: "cleanse ^plyour conscience from dead works"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) D^c 33 81 104 630 1241 1739^c 1881 2495 Byz Lect some lat earlier vg syr(h,pal) some cop(north) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSVn ESVn NASV CSBn

OTHER: "cleanse the conscience from dead works"
EVIDENCE: 614

COMMENTS: The UBS Textual Committee preferred the reading "our" because elsewhere the writer uses direct address (that is, "^plyou") only in the exhortation sections of the letter.

Hebrews 9:17:

NOTES: "since it is not then in force"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)* D*
TRANSLATIONS: NASVn

COMMENTS: The difference in the two readings is between a "P" and a "T"; since the Greek "P" or Pi is written like a "T" with two vertical strokes, the reading in the notes is undoubtedly due to a mistake of the eye.

Hebrews 9:19:

NOTES: "he took the blood of calves, with water"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ Aleph(א)^c K L Psi 1241 1739 1881 2495 syr(p,h,pal)
TRANSLATIONS: NRSVn NIV NEB REB CSBn

OTHER: "he took the blood of he-goats and calves, with water"
EVIDENCE: D 365 three lat

COMMENTS: The words "and he-goats" are in brackets in the UBS text. Although it is possible that they were added from verse 12, since the words "calves" and "he-goats" end with the same two letters, it is more likely that they were accidently omitted due to a mistake of the eye.

Hebrews 10:1:

NOTES: "future good things and the image of these things"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn

COMMENTS: The replacement of "not itself" with "and" is obviously not original, for it misses the point that the writer is making.

Hebrews 10:1:

NOTES: "they can never, by the same sacrifices"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A C D^b P 33 81 104 614 1241 2495 some Byz Lect two lat syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NRSVn NASVn

COMMENTS: Apparently the change from "it can" to "they can" was influenced by the verb "they offer" later on in the verse.

Hebrews 10:9:

NOTES: "Behold, I have come to do your will, O God."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² L 0278^vid 81 104 630 1241 1739 Maj most lat syr(p,h) one cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts. The addition "O God" seems to be added by copyists from the Greek Old Testament (LXX) of Psalm 40:7-8 (in Greek 39:8-9).

Hebrews 10:11:

NOTES: "And every high priest stands every day ministering"
EVIDENCE: A C P 104 614 630 syr(p,h+) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

COMMENTS: Apparently the word "high priest" was borrowed by copyists from Hebrews 5:1 or 8:3.

Hebrews 10:30:

NOTES: "Vengeance [is] mine, I will repay, says the Lord"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² A D² K L 81 104 630 1241 Maj two lat some vg some cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n CSBn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that "says the Lord" was omitted by copyists because it is not in the Greek Old Testament of Deuteronomy 32:35, the text reading is supported by the majority of the earliest manuscripts.

Hebrews 10:34:

NOTES: "you showed sympathy in my imprisonment"
EVIDENCE: {p⁴⁶} Aleph(א) D² K L P {Psi 104} 614 630 1241 1881 Byz Lect
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

OTHER: "you showed sympathy in their imprisonment"
EVIDENCE: few lat

COMMENTS: The evidence in braces in the notes omits the word "my." There is only one letter difference between "prisoners" and "imprisonment." The reading "my imprisonment" is probably influenced by Philippians 1:7, 13-14, 17 and Colossians 4:18.

Hebrews 10:34:

NOTES: "since ^plyou know that ^plyou have for ^plyourselves better"
EVIDENCE: D K 104 614 630 1241 Byz Lect syr(p,h)?
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV NASV

NOTES: "since ^plyou know that ^plyou had better"
EVIDENCE: P cop?
TRANSLATIONS: NEB REB TEV

OTHER: "since ^plyou know that ^plyou have in ^plyourselves better"
EVIDENCE: 1881

COMMENTS: The text reading is found in early manuscripts of both the Alexandrian and Western types of ancient text. It may be literally translated "^plyou had as to ^plyourselves." Since it may also be translated "^plyou had ^plyourselves as better and abiding belongings," copyists who understood it in this way were tempted to change it.

Hebrews 10:34:

NOTES: "better and abiding belongings in heaven"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² D² H^c K L P Psi 81 (104) 630 (945) 1241 1739* 1881 Maj one vg syr
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the majority of early manuscripts of multiple text types.

Hebrews 10:38:

NOTES: "but the righteous one shall live by faith"
EVIDENCE: p¹³ D^c H^c I K P Psi 81 104 614 630 1241 1881 2495 Byz Lect two lat some vg syr(pal) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NIVn ("the righteous shall") CSBn

OTHER: "but the righteous one shall live by my faith"
EVIDENCE: D* two lat syr(p,h)

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that "my" was added by copyists from Habakkuk 2:4 in the Greek Old Testament, it is more likely that it was omitted to make it read like Romans 1:17 and Galatians 3:11.

Hebrews 11:4:

NOTES: "he was righteous, testifying about his gifts to God"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)* A D* 33
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn ("text . . . uncertain")

OTHER: "he was righteous, God testifying about gifts to him"
EVIDENCE: p^13c cop(south)

OTHER: "he was righteous, testifying about gifts to God"
EVIDENCE: three lat

COMMENTS: The reading "to God" was probably borrowed by copyists from the first part of the verse.

Hebrews 11:11:

NOTES: "By faith even Sarah herself"
EVIDENCE: p^13vid Aleph(א) A D^c K 33 614 630 Byz Lect
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV2021 ESV NASV NIV84n NIV2011 NEB REB TEVn

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that "barren" was added by copyists, it is more likely that it was accidently omitted through a mistake of the eye, since the words translated "Sarah" and "barren" end in the same two letters and "Sarah" precedes "barren" in Greek. The question as to whether Sarah or Abraham is the subject of the sentence is a translational one, not a textual one, even though the NRSV2021 says it is a textual variant.

Hebrews 11:23:

NOTES: "they were not afraid of the king's order. By faith Moses, having grown up, killed the Egyptian when he observed the humiliation of his brothers."
EVIDENCE: D* (Greek and Latin) E 1827 some vg
TRANSLATIONS: NRSVn

COMMENTS: The Western manuscript D was known to make additions.

Hebrews 11:37:

NOTES: "they were sawn in two, they were tempted, they died from murder"
EVIDENCE: p^13vid {Aleph(א)} A D^c K {P} Psi? ("burned") {048 33 81} 104 614 630 1739 1881 {2495} Byz Lect lat most vg {syr(h)} syr(pal) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASV {NIVn NEBn REBn CSBn}

OTHER: "they were tempted, they were tempted, they died from murder"
EVIDENCE: D* some vg (have only one "they were tempted")

COMMENTS: The evidence and translations listed above in braces gives "they were tempted" before "they were sawn in two." Two manuscripts read "they were burned" instead of "they were sawn in two" (the words are only one letter different). The Greek word for "they were sawn in two" is EPRISTHESAN, while the Greek word for "they were tempted" is EPEIRASTHESAN. It is easy to see how one of them could have been accidently omitted through a mistake of the eye. On the other hand, it is also possible that the rare word "they were sawn in two" was accidently read by copyists as the common word "they were tempted" and thus was accidently added to the list when copyists saw it twice.

Hebrews 12:1:

NOTES: "and sin which easily distracts, and"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ 1739 three lat?
TRANSLATIONS: NRSVn NEBn REBn CSBn

COMMENTS: The reading in the notes apparently originated when EUPERISTATON was misread as EUPERISPASTON.

Hebrews 12:3:

NOTES: "endured such opposition by sinners against themselves"
EVIDENCE: p¹³ p⁴⁶ Aleph(א) D* Psi^c 048 33 81 1739* one lat earlier vg syr(p) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NRSVn CSBn

NOTES: "endured such opposition by sinners"
EVIDENCE: cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: NIV NEB REB TEV

COMMENTS: Although it is possible that the difficulty in understanding the plural led to its being changed by copyists to the singular, a majority of the UBS Textual Committee felt that it was so difficult to understand that it could not be original. The omission of the prepositional phrase by several translations is probably translational rather than textual.

Hebrews 12:18:

NOTES: "^plyou have not come to a mountain that may be felt of"
EVIDENCE: D K P Psi 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect later vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSVn NIV TEV

COMMENTS: The translations in braces have either "mountain" in italics, indicating that the word is not in the Greek text, or "Sinai" (NEB REB). Since NIV and TEV do not use italics to indicate added words, it is likely that they also follow a text that omits "mountain." Since the word "mountain" is found both before and after "felt of" in the evidence supporting it, it is likely that it was added by copyists to make the meaning clear.

Hebrews 13:15:

NOTES: "Through him let us always keep offering"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ Aleph(א)* D* P Psi one lat syr(p)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn REB

COMMENTS: The Greek word for "then" or "therefore" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text because of the early manuscripts that omit it. Although it is possible that the word was added by copyists to make a smoother transition, it is more likely that it was accidently omitted when copyists read AUTOUOUNANA- as AUTOUANA-.

Hebrews 13:21:

NOTES: "equip ^plyou with every good work"
EVIDENCE: A ("work and word") C D^c K P 33 81 104 614 630 1241 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect syr(p,h) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NRSV2021n

COMMENTS: The addition of the word "work" seems to be a homiletic gloss by copyists. The extra words "and word" in manuscript A are taken from 2 Thessalonians 2:17.

Hebrews 13:21:

NOTES: "working in ^plyou that which is pleasing in his sight"
EVIDENCE: C P Psi 630 2495 some Byz Lect lat vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn RSV NRSVn ESVn

COMMENTS: In later Greek the words for "us" and "^plyou" were pronounced alike. It is likely that the change from "us" to "^plyou" was due to a mistake of the ear, when copyists were influenced by the "^plyou" in the first part of the verse.

Hebrews 13:21:

NOTES: "to whom [be] the glory forever"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁶ C³ D (Greek only) Psi 104 1241 2495 most Lect syr(h) some cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: NRSV2021 CSBn

COMMENTS: The Greek words for "and even" (literally, "of the ages") are in brackets in the UBS Greek text. It is difficult to decide whether copyists added them from passages such as 1 Timothy 1:17, 2 Timothy 4:18, and often in Revelation, or they were omitted due to a mistake of the eye.

Hebrews 13:25:

NOTES: "Grace be with all of ^plyou. Amen."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c A C D* ("of the saints") D^c H K P Psi 81 104 614 630 1241 ("of us") 1739 1881 2495 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSVn

COMMENTS: It was common for copyists to add "Amen" at the end of a letter.