NOTES: "from God who is and who was and who is to come"
EVIDENCE: 046 1006 1611 1854 2053 2344 Maj(K,B)
TRANSLATIONS: TEV CSBn

COMMENTS: Apparently a number of copyists made explicit that "God" is "the One who is and who was and who is to come."

Revelation 1:5:

NOTES: "and has bathed us from our sins by his blood"
EVIDENCE: P 046 94 1006 1854 2053 Maj(K,B,C) most lat vg cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NRSVn CSBn

COMMENTS: There is only one letter's difference between the Greek words for "loosed" and "bathed," and the words may have been pronounced alike at one time. Copyists may have been influenced by the reference in Revelation 7:14 to Christians who "rinsed their robes . . . in the blood of the Lamb" in understanding the word as "bathed."

Revelation 1:6:

NOTES: " made us kings and priests to his God and Father"
EVIDENCE: P Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The evidence in braces has the nominative singular adjective "royal" which is only one letter different from "kingdom" and is apparently a misspelling perhaps due to a mistake of the ear. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 1:6:

NOTES: "to him [be] the glory and the might forever"
EVIDENCE: p¹⁸ A P some Maj(A) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn REB

OTHER: "to him [be] the glory and the might"
EVIDENCE: 2344

COMMENTS: The text reading translated "forever and ever" is literally "to the ages of the ages." The reading in the notes is literally "to the ages." The words translated "of the ages" are enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. Although there was a tendency for copyists to expand such liturgical formulas as this, the fuller form is found eleven other times in Revelation. The words may have been omitted accidently by copyists.

Revelation 1:20:

NOTES: "the seven lampstands which you saw are the seven churches"
EVIDENCE: P Maj(A,C) syr(ph) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 2:5:

NOTES: "I am coming to you quickly and will remove your lampstand"
EVIDENCE: 046 1006 1611 Maj some lat some vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The word "quickly" seems to have been borrowed from verse 16 and 3:11. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 2:7:

NOTES: "the tree of life, which is in the middle of the paradise of God"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² P Maj(A,B,C) one lat cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The words "the middle of" seem to have been taken by copyists from Genesis 2:9. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 2:9:

NOTES: "I know your works and tribulation and [your] poverty"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 046 1006 Maj syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The words "works and" seem to have been borrowed by copyists from verse 2.

Revelation 2:10:

NOTES: "and ^plyou may have tribulation for ten days."
EVIDENCE: A P 1854 2344 most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

OTHER: "and ^plyou must have tribulation for ten days."
EVIDENCE: C 1 Maj(A) 2053 cop(south)

COMMENTS: There are two letter's difference between the future indicative (text reading) and the present subjunctive (reading in the notes). Since the preceding verb is in the present subjunctive, it is likely that copyists changed the future to the present subjunctive here. The imperative found in some manuscripts is probably due to a mistake of the ear.

Revelation 2:13:

NOTES: "I know your works and where you dwell"
EVIDENCE: 046 1006 1611 Maj syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The words "your works and" seem to have been borrowed by copyists from verse 2. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 2:13:

NOTES: "you did not deny my faith in the days"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 046 1 94 1006 1611 Maj three lat one vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: none

COMMENTS: The word translated "even" is more usually translated "and." It was apparently omitted by copyists who failed to see its meaning "even" here.

Revelation 2:13:

NOTES: "days in which Antipas my witness, my faithful one, was killed"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P {046} 1 {94 1006} 1611 1854 Maj(A,B,C) {Maj(K)} two lat {one lat syr(h)}
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn ("text . . . uncertain") TEV? [NEB REB ("at the time when")]

COMMENTS: In the evidence listed in braces the word "in" is only implied, not actually present. The Greek word for "days" ends with the three letters which spell the Greek word for "which." Although it is possible that "in which" was accidently omitted through a mistake of the eye, when copyists' eyes jumped from the end of "days" to the word "which," it is also possible that the word "which" was accidently inserted when copyists saw the last three letters of "days" twice. Other copyists may have added the word "in." This explanation is preferable since including "in which" produces an incomplete sentence. The NEB and TEV read "when" and omit "who" in their English translation.

Revelation 2:15:

NOTES: "some who likewise hold to the teaching of the Nicolaitans, which I hate"
EVIDENCE: [P some Maj(A) (neuter form)]
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

NOTES: "some who hold to the teaching of the Nicolaitans, which I hate"
EVIDENCE: [some Maj(A) (feminine form)]
TRANSLATIONS: [KJV NKJV (neuter form)]

COMMENTS: The Greek words for "likewise" and "which I hate" are spelled similarly. Thus the words "which I hate" appear to be due to a mistake of the eye under the influence of verse 6. The word "which" occurs in two different forms in the manuscripts, both neuter ("which thing") and feminine ("which teaching"). The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts plus the majority of Byzantine manuscripts.

Revelation 2:17:

NOTES: "To him who overcomes I will give [some] of the hidden manna to eat"
EVIDENCE: P 1611 1854 2344 Maj(A,B,C) some lat syr(h) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The translations in braces render "him" as "the one," probably for stylistic reasons. The word for "to eat" seems like a natural expansion and occurs in two different places in the manuscripts that have it. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 2:20:

NOTES: "that you tolerate your wife Jezebel"
EVIDENCE: A 046 94 1006 1854 most Maj syr(ph,h)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

COMMENTS: The same Greek word is translated both "woman" and "wife." The variation in question is the absence or presence of the word "your." Perhaps copyists were tempted to add "you" because of the many uses of "your" and "you" in verses 19 and 20.

Revelation 2:22:

NOTES: "I am throwing her into jail"
EVIDENCE: A
TRANSLATIONS: none

NOTES: "I am throwing her into an oven"
EVIDENCE: 2071 and the Armenian translation
TRANSLATIONS: NEBn ("furnace")

OTHER: "I am throwing her into sickness"
EVIDENCE: cop(south)

COMMENTS: Apparently some copyists tried to increase her punishment by changing "sickbed" to "jail" or "oven."

Revelation 2:22:

NOTES: "unless they repent of their works"
EVIDENCE: A 1 1854 2344 most Maj(A) most lat later vg syr(ph,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NASVn CSBn

OTHER: "unless they repent"
EVIDENCE: some cop(north)

COMMENTS: Apparently some copyists changed "her" to "their" to agree in number with "they."

Revelation 3:2:

NOTES: "Keep watching, and keep the things that remain"
EVIDENCE: 1611 2344 some Maj(K,A) syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 3:2:

NOTES: "I have found no works of yours made full"
EVIDENCE: A C 1^margin
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NEB? REB?

OTHER: "I have not found yours made full"
EVIDENCE: 2344

COMMENTS: The difference between the readings is the presence (text) or absence (notes) of the definite article before "works." The ancient translations could be from either reading. The omission of the definite article seems to have been an accidental oversight.

Revelation 3:3:

NOTES: "I will come on you like a thief"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 046 1611 2344 Maj(K,B,C) lat later vg syr one cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NEB REB TEV CSBn

COMMENTS: The words “on you” were perhaps borrowed by copyists from the latter part of the verse.

Revelation 4:3:

NOTES: "[One was] sitting on the throne! •[He was] like a stone"
EVIDENCE: 1006 1854 2053 2344 Maj
TRANSLATIONS: NEB REB TEV CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts. The words "and the One sitting" were apparently omitted by a mistake of the eye when copyists' eyes jumped from "sitting" to "sitting."

Revelation 4:11:

NOTES: "Worthy are you, Lord, our God"
EVIDENCE: P Maj(A) cop
TRANSLATIONS: NEB REB CSBn?

NOTES: "Worthy are you, our Lord and God, the Holy One"
EVIDENCE: 046 1006 Maj(K,B,C)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

OTHER: "Worthy are you, Lord, our Lord and God"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)

OTHER: "Worthy are you, Lord, our God, the Holy One"
EVIDENCE: syr(h)

NOTES: "Worthy are you, O Lord,"
EVIDENCE: found in Textus Receptus
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is very early and seems to account for the other readings.

Revelation 5:4:

NOTES: "no one in heaven nor on earth nor underneath the earth was able to open and read the scroll"
EVIDENCE: Maj(C) some Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The words "and read" seem to be a natural expansion by later copyists.

Revelation 5:5:

NOTES: "to open the scroll and loose its seven seals"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 2344 later vg syr(ph)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NEB TEV CSBn

COMMENTS: The word "loose" seems to have been added by copyists from verse 2.

Revelation 5:6:

NOTES: "which are the spirits of God"
EVIDENCE: A P^vid 1 1006 1611 some Maj(A) two lat earlier vg
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

COMMENTS: The word for "seven" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. Although it is possible that it may have been borrowed by copyists from such passages as Revelation 1:4; 3:1; and 4:5, it is also possible that it was accidently omitted when copyists read TAEPTA as TA.

Revelation 5:9:

NOTES: "by your blood you bought us for God"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 046 {94} 1006 1611 2053 {2344} Maj(K,C) some Maj(A) {Maj(B) most lat vg syr(ph,h)} cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

OTHER: "by your blood you bought us"
EVIDENCE: 1 some Maj(A) one lat

OTHER: "by your blood you bought us for our God"
EVIDENCE: cop(south)

COMMENTS: The evidence in braces is in a different word order. The UBS committee felt that the text reading without an object best explains the other readings. Apparently copyists wanted to add an explicit object "us" instead of an implied one.

Revelation 5:10:

NOTES: "have made them kings and priests"
EVIDENCE: 046 1006 1611^c 2053 Maj syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: There is only two letters difference between the two readings. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts. Since "priests" refers to individuals, copyists were more likely to change "kingdom" to "kings" to make a parallel statement than vice versa.

Revelation 5:10:

NOTES: "and they reign on earth."
EVIDENCE: A 046 1006 1611 most Maj(K) some Maj(A) one lat syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NRSV2021n

OTHER: "and we shall reign on earth"
EVIDENCE: one lat later vg

TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV
COMMENTS: Since in Revelation 20:6 manuscript A changes "they shall reign" to "they reign," a majority of the UBS Textual Committee felt that the same thing had happened here.

Revelation 6:1:

NOTES: "the Lamb opened one of the seals"
EVIDENCE: P 2344 most Maj(A) syr(h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

OTHER: "the Lamb opened one of the seven"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)*
COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 6:1:

NOTES: "say, as with a voice of thunder, 'Come and see!' •And I saw, and behold"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) {046} 2344 {Maj(K,B) some Maj(A) three lat} three lat later vg syr(ph,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces omits the words "And I saw." Although it is possible that the words "and see" were omitted by accident when copyists' eyes jumped from "and" to "and," it is also possible that copyists who understood the command as given to John either added "and see" or changed "and I saw" to "and see."

Revelation 6:3:

NOTES: "the second living being say, 'Come and see!' •And I saw, and behold, out came"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 2344 Maj(B) {lat later vg} one cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The evidence in braces omits "I saw and behold." The evidence seems to indicate that these words were added from the parallels in verses 2, 5, and 8. Although it is possible that "and see" was accidently omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from "and" to "and," it is more likely that "and see" was added by copyists who took the command to be given to John rather than the horseman.

Revelation 6:4:

NOTES: "given [the power] to take peace of the earth"
EVIDENCE: A some Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

OTHER: "given [the power] to take peace"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c

COMMENTS: Two different Greek words for "from" are found in the evidence for the text reading. The lesser used one and "on" are attempts at stylistic improvements by copyists. The omission of the preposition by a few copyists was probably accidental.

Revelation 6:5:

NOTES: "the third living being say, 'Come and see!' And I saw, and behold"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) {046 2344 Maj(K,B) most lat later vg} syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces omits the words "And I saw." Although it is possible that the words "and see" were omitted by accident when copyists' eyes jumped from "and" to "and," it is also possible that copyists who understood the command as given to John either added "and see" or changed "and I saw" to "and see."

Revelation 6:7:

NOTES: "the fourth living being say, 'Come and see!' •And I saw, and behold"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) {046 2344 Maj(K,B) some Maj(A) most lat} one lat {later vg} syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces omits the words "And I saw." Although it is possible that the words "and see" were omitted by accident when copyists' eyes jumped from "and" to "and," it is also possible that copyists who understood the command as given to John either added "and see" or changed "and I saw" to "and see."

Revelation 6:8:

NOTES: "authority was given to him"
EVIDENCE: 046 1611 1854 Maj(K,B,C) some Maj(A) lat vg syr cop
TRANSLATIONS: NEB CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts. The reading "given to him" was apparently taken by copyists from verses 2 and 4 where it occurs.

Revelation 6:9:

NOTES: "the testimony of the Lamb which they kept holding"
EVIDENCE: 046 1611^c Maj(K,C) some Maj(A) syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

OTHER: "the testimony of Jesus Christ which they kept holding"
EVIDENCE: Maj(B)

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts. The additions seem to be the kind of natural expressions that copyists often made.

Revelation 6:11:

NOTES: "until their fellow slaves also and their brothers should fulfill [their course]"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 046 1 94 1006 1854 2053^text most Maj
TRANSLATIONS: ASV

OTHER: "until their fellow slaves also and their brothers fulfill [their course]"
EVIDENCE: 1611 2053^commentary some Maj(A)

COMMENTS: The passive subjunctive tense of the text reading is rather rare, which probably prompted copyists to change it to the active subjunctive (reading in the notes) or active indicative tenses, both of which are pronounced and spelled similarly.

Revelation 6:17:

NOTES: "the great day of his wrath has come"
EVIDENCE: A P 046 1 1006 Maj most cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021n CSBn

COMMENTS: The change from "their" to "his" was apparently made by copyists to avoid the ambiguity of the word "their."

Revelation 7:5-8:

NOTES: "twelve thousand [were] sealed" after every tribe's name
EVIDENCE: Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The NEB, REB, and TEV omit "sealed" after every tribe. Manuscript Aleph(א) omits the line for the tribe of Simeon. Adding the word "sealed" after every tribe's name is the kind of natural addition that copyists made to produce parallelism. The text reading is supported by both the majority of manuscripts and the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 8:6:

NOTES: "the seven angels who had the seven trumpets made themselves ready to sound the trumpets"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² P 046 1006 1611 1854 2053 Byz
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV NRSV2021n NASV

COMMENTS: The text reading "them" which would refer to the trumpets can also be understood as a reflexive "themselves" referring to the angels; thus the reading in the notes seems to be a clarification by copyists who understood it in this latter way. The text reading is supported by older manuscripts. The NASV seems to take it both ways, having both "themselves" and "them."

Revelation 8:13:

NOTES: "I saw and heard an angel"
EVIDENCE: P Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The reading "angel" was apparently influenced by the similar expression in Revelation 14:6.

Revelation 9:2:

NOTES: "the smoke of a furnace burning"
EVIDENCE: 046 Maj(K,B,C) syr
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

OTHER: "the smoke of a great furnace burning"
EVIDENCE: 2053 one lat syr(ph)

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 9:13:

NOTES: "a voice from the horns of the golden altar"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ Aleph(א)^a A 0207 94 1611 2053 2344 some Maj(A) most lat earlier vg syr(h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NRSV1989n NRSV2021 NASVn NIV84 NEB REB CSBn

OTHER: "voice of the golden altar"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)*

COMMENTS: The word for "four" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. The words translated "a voice" are literally "one voice." Since there was a horn on each of the four corners of the golden altar of the tabernacle, it is possible that copyists added "four" to parallel the "four angels" of verse 14. On the other hand, since the Greek words for "the" and "four" end with the same two letters, it is also possible that "four" was accidently omitted by copyists when their eyes jumped from the end of "the" to the end of "four."

Revelation 9:16:

NOTES: "number of the armies of the horsemen [was] a hundred million"
EVIDENCE: 046 1006 1611 1854 2053 Maj(K,B,C) some cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

COMMENTS: The evidence in braces has "two ten thousands of ten thousands"; perhaps this earliest awkward construction is original. At any rate, the reading of "two hundred million" is supported by the earliest manuscripts whether "two ten thousand" or "twenty thousand."

Revelation 9:21:

NOTES: "not repent of their murders nor of their sorceries nor"
EVIDENCE: A P 046 1 94 2053 2344 Maj(A,C) syr(p,h) most cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB

OTHER: "not repent of their murders nor"
EVIDENCE: two lat one cop(south)

COMMENTS: There are only one or two letters' (depending on how "sorceries" is spelled) difference between "sorcerous drugs" and "sorceries." Since "sorcerous drugs" is found nowhere else in the New Testament and "sorceries" is found in Galatians 5:20 and Revelation 18:23, copyists would have been more likely to change the former to the latter than vice versa.

Revelation 10:6:

NOTES: "and the earth and the things in it, that"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)* A 1611 2344 one lat syr(ph) most cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn

COMMENTS: The words "and the sea and the things in it" were probably accidently omitted by copyists whose eyes jumped from "and the things in it" to "and the things in it."

Revelation 11:1:

NOTES: "there was given to me a [measuring] rod like a staff, and the angel stood up, saying"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)² 046 1854 Maj(B,C) one lat later vg syr(ph,h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

 OTHER: "there was given to me a [measuring] rod like a staff, and a voice said"
EVIDENCE: some Maj(A)

COMMENTS: The translation "and [a voice] said" is literally "saying." Since there is no subject, copyists were tempted to add one, either "angel" or "voice."

Revelation 11:4:

NOTES: "stand before the God of the earth"
EVIDENCE: 1854 2053 Maj(A) some vg
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 11:8:

NOTES: "and their corpses [will lie] in the street"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ Aleph(א) P 1 1611 1854 Maj(A,C) lat vg syr some cop(north) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV* RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB*

COMMENTS: Apparently copyists changed "corpse" to the plural "corpses" to agree in number with "their."

Revelation 11:12:

NOTES: "I heard a loud voice from heaven"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ Aleph(א)² 046 1006 1611 1854 2344 Maj some lat syr(h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: NRSVn CSBn

COMMENTS: There is only one letter difference between the two readings. The text reading is supported by the majority of early manuscripts.

Revelation 11:17:

NOTES: "Lord God Almighty, who is and who was and who is to come"
EVIDENCE: 051 1006 Maj(A) later vg most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn

OTHER: "Lord God Almighty, who is and who was and"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ Aleph(א)* C 2344 one lat one cop(north)

COMMENTS: The additional words seems to have been added by copyists who remembered the full expression in Revelation 1:4, 8; and 4:8.

Revelation 11:19:

NOTES: "the ark of the Lord's covenant was seen"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ 046 2344 Maj(K,C) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

NOTES: "the ark of God's covenant was seen"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) one lat

COMMENTS: Apparently a number of copyists expanded the pronoun "his" to either the noun "Lord's" or "God's." The TEV does not have any possessive pronoun or noun here.

Revelation 11:19:

NOTES: "and peals of thunder and great hail"
EVIDENCE: 046 Maj(K,C)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

NOTES: "and an earthquake and great hail"
EVIDENCE: Maj(B)

COMMENTS: While it is possible that either "and peals of thunder" or "and an earthquake" were added by copyists from Revelation 16:18, it is more likely that each was accidently omitted when copyists eyes jumped from "and" to "and." The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.

Revelation 12:17-13:1:

NOTES: "Jesus. •And I stood on the sand of the sea; and I saw"
EVIDENCE: P 046 051 1 94 1006 1611 2053 Maj syr(ph) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASVn NIVn NEBn TEVn CSBn

COMMENTS: The difference between the two readings is only that of one letter. The question is whether the dragon (text) or John (notes) was standing by the sea. Since the following phrase has "I saw," it is more likely that copyists changed "he" to "I" than vice versa. Various English translations include the sentence in question in either 12:17, 12:18, or 13:1.

Revelation 13:1:

NOTES: "and on its heads [was] a name of blasphemy."
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ Aleph(א) C P 1 1006 Maj(A) some lat syr(ph) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV [NIV? NEB? REB? TEV? ("each head ... a name")] CSBn

COMMENTS: The last two letters on the Greek word for "names" (which are the letters that make the word plural) are enclosed in brackets in the UBS Greek text. Although it is possible that copyists changed "name" to "names" because "heads" is plural, it is also possible that others misread ONOMATA as ONOMA when their eyes jumped from the first A to the next.

Revelation 13:5:

NOTES: "and authority was given to it to make war for forty-two months"
EVIDENCE: 046 051 Maj(K,B,C) cop
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn

OTHER: "and authority was given to it to do what he wished for forty-two months"
EVIDENCE: [Aleph(א)* {omit "authority")] Aleph(א)^c

COMMENTS: Apparently some copyists added an object after the Greek word translated either "do" or "make," giving "do what he wished" or "make war" (which came from verse 7). The text reading is supported by the majority of early manuscripts.

Revelation 13:6:

NOTES: "and his dwelling, and those who dwell in heaven."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)^c P 046* 051 1 2053^text Maj(A) lat vg syr(h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NIV TEV

NOTES: "and his dwelling in heaven."
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷
TRANSLATIONS: NEB

OTHER: "and his dwelling of those who dwell in heaven."
EVIDENCE: syr(ph)

COMMENTS: The grammar of the text reading (taking the phrase in apposition to "his dwelling") was likely to be simplified by copyists, either by adding "and" or by omitting "those who dwell." The copyist of manuscript p⁴⁷ elsewhere shows a tendency to omit words.

Revelation 13:7:

NOTES: "And authority was given it"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ A C P 1^text 2053 some Maj(A) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NRSVn ESVn NEBn

COMMENTS: Since both sentences begin with exactly the same words "and there was given to it," it is likely that the first sentence was accidently omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from the beginning of the first sentence to the beginning of the second sentence.

Revelation 13:10:

NOTES: "if anyone shall kill with the sword, he has to be killed with the sword."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) C P 046 051 1 94 1006 1611 1854 2053 2344 Maj(A,B,C) lat vg syr cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV NASV NEB CSBn

OTHER: "if anyone [is] with the sword, he has to be killed."
EVIDENCE: Maj(K)

COMMENTS: Since the saying involves a Hebrew idiom regarding endurance and the will of God which was hard for copyists to understand, many of them modified it to a law of retribution perhaps modeled after Matthew 26:52. Despite the apparent overwhelming evidence listed above supporting the reading in the notes, in actuality that evidence supports eight different variations which have the same general idea, and have thus been included together here.

Revelation 13:15:

NOTES: "the image of the beast might even speak; and he shall cause"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 046 94 1611 most Maj syr(h) cop(north) (omit "he shall cause")
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn NASVn

NOTES: "the image of the beast might even speak, and to cause"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷? (a large section of text is omitted)
TRANSLATIONS: RSV

COMMENTS: A word which can be translated "in order that" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. It is omitted from the reading in the notes. It goes with "they should be killed" and together they are translated "to be killed." The evidence listed in braces has a different word order than the text reading, although it supports it in meaning. The unusual word order of the text reading caused some copyists to move the word "in order that" and others to omit it. Manuscript C accidently omits from the first occurrence of "image of the beast" to the third.

Revelation 13:18:

NOTES: "And its number [is] six hundred [and] sixteen."
EVIDENCE: C one lat?
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSVn NRSVn ESVn NASVn CSBn

OTHER: "And its number [is] six hundred [and] forty-six."
EVIDENCE: one lat

COMMENTS: When Greek letters are used as numerals, there is only one letter's difference between 666 and 616. But perhaps the reading 616 was intentional, for "Nero Caesar" written in Hebrew letters has the value 616.

Revelation 14:3:

NOTES: "and they sing a new song"
EVIDENCE: p⁴⁷ Aleph(א) P 046 94 1611 1854 2053 2344 Maj(K,B,C) two lat syr(h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB

COMMENTS: The word for "as" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. While it is possible that "as" was added by copyists from verse 2, it is also possible that it was omitted as unnecessary, perhaps in imitation of Revelation 5:9, which simply says, "they sing a new song."