NOTES: "These have been purchased by Jesus from mankind [as] firstfruits"
EVIDENCE: 046 051 1611 Maj(K,C) syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
COMMENTS: The clarification of the one who purchased people is the kind of addition that copyists were likely to make. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "Fallen [is] Babylon the great"
EVIDENCE: {Aleph(א)*} Aleph(א)2 C 046 1854 2053 Maj(K,B) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
COMMENTS: The original hand of manuscript Aleph(א) repeats a line that follows. It is more likely that the second occurrence of the word "fallen" was overlooked by copyists than that the word was accidently repeated.
NOTES: "'Lord.' 'From now on,' says the Spirit, 'that'"
EVIDENCE: p47 Aleph(א)* cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: NRSV2021n NEB REBn
NOTES: "'Lord from now on.' 'Indeed,' says the Spirit,
'that'"
EVIDENCE: 2053
COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces has a different word order from the text reading. Although it is possible that "yes" and "indeed" are expansions by copyists, the great manuscript support for "yes" makes it likely that the text reading is original.
NOTES: "victorious from the beast and from its image and from its mark and from the number of its name"
EVIDENCE: 051 Maj(A,B)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
COMMENTS: While it is possible that the words "from its mark and" were accidently omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from "and" to "and," the fact that "mark" is often found in Revelation together with "beast" (13:16,17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4) makes it likely that it was added by later copyists. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "O King of the ages!"
EVIDENCE: p47 Aleph(א)*,c C
94 1006 1611 2344vid most lat vg
syr(ph,h) cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSVn ESVn NASVn NIV84 NIV2011n NEB REB TEVn CSBn
OTHER: "O King of the saints!"
EVIDENCE: 296 2049
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV
COMMENTS: The manuscript evidence for the reading in the text and the notes is almost balanced. Although it is possible that "nations" was borrowed from verse 4, a majority of the UBS Textual Committee felt it was more likely that "ages" was borrowed by copyists from 1 Timothy 1:17.
NOTES: "clothed in clean bright stone, and"
EVIDENCE: A C 2053 lat earlier vg
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NRSVn NASVn
OTHER: "clothed in clean bright, and"
EVIDENCE: cop(south)
COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces has a different spelling, but supports the text reading. There is only one letter's difference between the Greek words for "linen" and "stone." Even though there is a superficial parallel to wearing stone in Ezekiel 15:6, it seems most likely that the reading "stone" is due to a copying mistake.
NOTES: "pour out the bowls of the anger of God"
EVIDENCE: P 051 1854 Maj(A,C) one lat cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "the first angel went and poured out his bowl"
EVIDENCE: Maj(B) some Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: RSV NRSV ESV NIV NEB REB TEV
COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text behind English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "the second angel poured out his bowl"
EVIDENCE: 046 051 2344 Maj later vg syr most cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSV ESV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text behind English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "every living soul died in the sea."
EVIDENCE: p47 Aleph(א) ("on") Maj(A,C) lat vg syr(ph)
cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
NOTES: "every soul died in the sea."
EVIDENCE: Maj(K,B)
TRANSLATIONS: none
COMMENTS: The evidence in braces has a slightly different reading than the text reading: "of those" instead of "that was." The words "that was" are a translation of the definite article, which is omitted in the readings in the notes. The article is plural here and can be translated "the things that were."
NOTES: "the third angel poured out his bowl"
EVIDENCE: 051 2344 Maj(A,B,C) later vg syr(ph) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSV ESV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text behind English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "poured out his bowl into the rivers and the springs
of water, and they became blood."
EVIDENCE: p47 A 1006 1611 1854 2053 three lat
syr(ph,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
COMMENTS: Probably "it became" was changed to "they became" under the influence of the plural "rivers" and "springs."
NOTES: "the fourth angel poured out his bowl"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 051 1854 2344 Maj(A,B,C) later vg syr(ph) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSV ESV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text behind English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "the fifth angel poured out his bowl"
EVIDENCE: 051 2344 Maj(A,B,C) later vg syr(ph) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSV ESV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text behind English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "the sixth angel poured out his bowl"
EVIDENCE: 051 2344 most Maj(A) Maj(B,C) lat later vg syr(ph) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSV ESV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text behind English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "a place which is called in Hebrew Armageddon."
EVIDENCE: 2049 2081c some lat {most lat most vg
("Armagedon")}
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn ("Armagedon") RSV ESV NASVn NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
NOTES: "a place which is called in Hebrew Magedon."
EVIDENCE: Maj(K) some Maj(A) some vg? syr(ph)? cop(north)?
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NASV CSBn
NOTES: "a place which is called in Hebrew Mageddon."
EVIDENCE: 046 1611 2053 some vg? syr(ph)? cop(north)?
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NASV CSBn
COMMENTS: The place name which is traditionally spelled
"Armageddon" in English is spelled over a dozen different ways in the
manuscripts. The text follows a spelling found in over 90 manuscripts.
NOTES: "the seventh angel poured out his bowl"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)2 051 1854 2344 Maj(A,B,C) lat later vg syr(ph) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSV ESV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
COMMENTS: It is difficult to tell the Greek text behind English translations that do not mark added words. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "a loud voice came out of the temple of heaven, from the throne"
EVIDENCE: 046 051c Maj(K,B,C)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
OTHER: "a loud voice came out of heaven, from the throne"
EVIDENCE: 051* (omits "from the throne") 1854 Maj(A) one lat (omits "from the throne")
OTHER: "a loud voice came out of the temple of God"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)
COMMENTS: Apparently a number of copyists wanted to clarify that the earthly temple was not the one being referenced, adding "of heaven."
NOTES: "such as had not been since men were on the earth"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 046 051 1 94 1006 1611 1854 2053 2344 Maj lat vg syr(ph,h) some
cop(north) one cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV CSB
COMMENTS: The words translated "has been" and "was" are the same word in Greek. Perhaps in order to avoid having the same word three times so close together, some manuscripts omitted "was" before "earthquake" (046 Maj(K,B)) while others changed "man was" to "men were."
NOTES: "the unclean things of the earth's sexual immorality"
EVIDENCE: 046 1611 1854 2053 Maj(K)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
OTHER: "the unclean things of her and the earth's sexual immorality"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) syr(h) (cop "her sexual immorality with those/all of the earth")
COMMENTS: The reading of manuscript Aleph(א) appears to be a conflation of the text reading and the reading of the notes indicating that it is secondary. Between the two readings, the text reading has the better support both in an early manuscript and in the versions.
NOTES: "is going to ascend out of the abyss and to go to
destruction"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 046 051 1 94 1006 1854 Maj syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV CSB
COMMENTS: There is only one letter's difference between the present indicative (text reading) and the present infinitive (reading in the notes). Since the indicative is not as smooth in this context as the infinitive, it is more likely that copyists changed the indicative to the infinitive than vice versa, although it is possible that the indicative was borrowed from verse 11.
NOTES: "Fallen [is] Babylon the great!"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 046 1854 Maj(K) some Maj(B) cop
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
OTHER: "Fallen, fallen, fallen [is] Babylon the great!"
EVIDENCE: P
COMMENTS: The omission of one of the words "fallen" and the addition in manuscript P both seem to be mistakes of the eye, either jumping over the word or repeating it.
NOTES: "and a haunt of every unclean spirit, and a haunt of
every unclean and hateful bird"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) C 051 2053 Maj(K,C) some Maj(B) one lat vg cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSVn NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
OTHER: "and a haunt of every unclean and hateful spirit,
and a haunt of every unclean and hateful beast"
EVIDENCE: A P
OTHER: "and a haunt of every unclean bird, and a haunt of
every unclean and hateful beast"
EVIDENCE: 1611
OTHER: "and a haunt of every unclean and hateful spirit"
EVIDENCE: Maj(A) syr(ph)
COMMENTS: The words "and a haunt of every unclean beast" are enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. The adjectives "unclean and hateful" follow the nouns in Greek. Since the three phrases are so similar it is easy to see how one or more of them might be accidently omitted through a mistake of the eye. However, the words which are missing from a majority of manuscripts are enclosed in brackets.
NOTES: "because all nations have fallen on account
of"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A C 046 1006* 1611 {1854 2053c} some
Maj(K) cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSVn NRSV2021 NASV95n NASV2020 NEBn ("been ruined") CSBn
NOTES: "because she has made all nations drink
of"
EVIDENCE: {94 some Maj(A) syr(ph)}
TRANSLATIONS: NRSV1989n
COMMENTS: The evidence listed in braces has the singular instead of the plural. The reading "made drink" was borrowed from Revelation 14:8. There is only one letter's difference between the reading in the text and the reading in the notes: a "T" following a "P" (Pi). Since the Greek letter "Pi" is made like a "T" with two vertical strokes instead of one, it is easy to see how a "T" could have been accidently added or omitted through a mistake of the eye. Although "fallen on account of" makes sense here and is supported by the earliest manuscripts, the UBS Textual Committee felt that it was not suitable in the context, and that "fallen" was borrowed from verse 2.
NOTES: "of the anger of her sexual immorality"
EVIDENCE: A C? ("of the sexual immorality of her anger") 1611 2053 four lat
earlier vg some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn
OTHER: "of the anger of the wine of her sexual immorality"
EVIDENCE: P 051 1 Maj(A,C) some Maj(B) one lat most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: CSB?
OTHER: "of the wine of her anger"
EVIDENCE: syr(h)
OTHER: "of the wine of her sexual immorality"
EVIDENCE: 1854 syr(ph)
COMMENTS: Perhaps "of the wine" was accidently omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from "the" to "the." The many readings here seem to be due to carelessness in copying a phrase which is difficult to understand.
NOTES: "because strong is the God who judges her."
EVIDENCE: A 1006 2053commentary most lat vg
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn
OTHER: "because strong is the Lord who judges her."
EVIDENCE: 2053text syr(ph)
COMMENTS: Although copyists had a tendency to expand the titles of God (which happened here when "Almighty" was added), it is possible, since "strong" and "Lord" end with the same two letters, that "Lord" was accidently omitted due to a mistake of the eye.
NOTES: "cinnamon, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)2 046 1006 2053 Maj(K,C) some Maj(A) later vg syr(ph) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
COMMENTS: The words "and spice" were apparently omitted when copyists eyes jumped from "and" to "and." The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "and no craftsman shall be found in you"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) A cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn
OTHER: omit phrase
EVIDENCE: syr(ph)
COMMENTS: Since "craft" and "craftsman" end with the same two letters the phrase "of any craft" was probably accidently omitted due to a mistake of the eye. The whole phrase was probably omitted for the same reason since it is similar to the surrounding phrases.
NOTES: "[plyou] who fear him"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) C P cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NRSV2021n ESV NASV NIV NEB REB
COMMENTS: The Greek word translated "and" or "even" is in brackets in the UBS text. It is difficult to decide whether it was added by copyists to improve the grammar or omitted by others to make sure that those who fear was not understood as a separate group, understanding it as "and" rather than "even."
NOTES: "the Lord God the Almighty reigns"
EVIDENCE: A 1 1006 some Maj(A) one lat syr(ph)c most cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NRSV2021
OTHER: "our God the Almighty reigns"
EVIDENCE: 051
COMMENTS: The Greek word for "our" is in brackets in the UBS text. Although copyists were inclined to expand the name of God, the fact that it is found in so many manuscipts led the UBS committee to include it. It is missing from the King James because manuscript 1 for Revelation was used by Erasmus to make the Textus Receptus.
NOTES: "the One sitting on it [is] Faithful and True"
EVIDENCE: A P 051 1 most Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn
COMMENTS: The word "called" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. The evidence listed in braces has the word "called," but in a different place than the text reading. Although the different positions of "called" might make it seem added by copyists, it may have been deliberately omitted lest the reader think Jesus was only "called" faithful and true and was not in fact.
NOTES: "his eyes [are] a flame of fire"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 046 051 1 94 1611 1854 2053 Maj(K,C) most Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NASV NRSV2021n
COMMENTS: The Greek word for "like" or "as" is in brackets in the UBS text. It is often used by John in Revelation, but the possiblity exists that copyists may have added it from these other places.
NOTES: "he [is] clothed in a cloak sprinkled with blood"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 1006 1611 2053 lat vg syr(h) syr(ph)? cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSVn NRSVn ESVn NEBn ("splattered")
COMMENTS: There are six different forms of the word "sprinkled" supporting the reading in the notes. These variations make it suspect. Since Old Testament ritual involved sprinkling with blood, "dipped" was more likely to be changed to "sprinkled" than vice versa.
NOTES: "they shall reign with him a thousand years."
EVIDENCE: A 051 1 1006 1854 Maj one cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV TEV CSB
COMMENTS: The definite article "the" is enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. Although copyists had a tendency to add the definite article, the UBS Textual Committee felt it best to include it here in brackets because of the strong evidence that includes it.
NOTES: "and fire came down from God out of heaven and"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)b P {051 1} 1006 1611 2053text {some
Maj(A)} three lat vg syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn RSVn NRSVn ESVn CSBn
NOTES: "and fire came down out of heaven from God and"
EVIDENCE: 046 Maj(K,B,C) two lat syr(ph) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: RSVn NRSVn ESVn
OTHER: "and fire came down from God and"
EVIDENCE: 1854 one lat
OTHER: omit through "into the lake" in verse 10
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)*
COMMENTS: The evidence and translations listed in braces have "from heaven" instead of "out of heaven" and "out of God" instead of "from God." The words "from God" may have been borrowed by copyists from Revelation 21:2 and 10. The omission by the original copyist of manuscript Aleph(א) was probably accidental.
NOTES: "This is the second death"
EVIDENCE: some Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
NOTES: omit sentence
EVIDENCE: 051 2053 most Maj(A) some lat cop(north)
COMMENTS: The sentence was omitted when copyists' eyes jumped from "lake of fire" to "lake of fire." The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts as well as the majority of manuscripts.
NOTES: "I heard a loud voice from heaven"
EVIDENCE: P 046 051 1006 1611 1854 2053 Maj one lat syr cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: " he shall dwell with them as their God"
EVIDENCE: none
TRANSLATIONS: NRSV (Thomas Nelson 1990 edition)
COMMENTS: This seems to be a mistake. There is no manuscript evidence for the addition "as their God" and it is missing from other editions of the NRSV.
NOTES: "and they shall be his people, and"
EVIDENCE: P 051 1006 1611 1854 Maj(K,B,C) most lat vg syr(ph,h) cop
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSV NRSVn ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSBn
COMMENTS: The Old Testament speaks of the one people of God. Did the writer here speak of many peoples who belongs to God, and copyists change it to the Old Testament usage? Or did he speak of one people, and copyists were influenced by "they" to change it to the plural? A majority of the UBS Textual Committee preferred the former explanation.
NOTES: "God himself shall be with them."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 046 1 94 Maj(K,B,C) some Maj(A) one lat most cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: ASVn RSV NRSV1989 NRSV2021n ESVn NASV NEB REB CSBn
OTHER: "God himself shall be God with them."
EVIDENCE: 1006 1611 some cop(north) cop(south)
COMMENTS: The words "their God" are enclosed in brackets in the UBS text. Although it is possible that these words were added by copyists from Isaiah 7:14 or 8:8, it is also possible that they were omitted by copyists as unneeded.
NOTES: "the former things have passed away"
EVIDENCE: A P 051 1006 1611 2053 three lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASV NRSV2021n NASV TEV
OTHER: "the sheep have passed away"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א)*
OTHER: "for the former things have passed away"
EVIDENCE: 94 one lat
COMMENTS: The Greek word for "because" is in brackets in the UBS text. Most English translations render "because" as "for." The omission of because is probably due to a mistake of the eyes since both the word for "because" and the word before it end in "TI" (ETIOTI was misread as ETI).
NOTES: "these words of God are trustworthy and true"
EVIDENCE: 046 1854 Maj(K) some Maj(B) syr(h)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
OTHER: "these words are true and trustworthy"
EVIDENCE: P Maj(A,C)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV
OTHER: "these words of God are true and trustworthy"
EVIDENCE: some Maj(B)
COMMENTS: The words "of God" seem to be a clarification by copyists that the words are from God. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "the cowardly, and unbelieving, and sinful, and abominable, and murderers"
EVIDENCE: 046 1854 Maj(K,B,C) some Maj(A) syr(ph,h)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
COMMENTS: The evidence in braces omits the word "and" after "unbelieving." The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "names were inscribed, which are of the twelve tribes"
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) P 051supp Maj(A,C) one lat
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV1989 NRSV2021n ESV NASV NIV NEB REB TEV CSB
COMMENTS: The Greek words for "the names" are in brackets in the UBS text. The evidence listed in braces omits the word "the." It is difficult to tell whether the second instance of the word for "names" was omitted as redundant or was added as being implied by the words "which are."
NOTES: "the nations of the saved shall walk about in its light"
EVIDENCE: a few minuscules and the Textus Receptus
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
OTHER: "the nations of the saved shall walk about [in] its light: the nations through its light"
EVIDENCE: some Maj(A)
COMMENTS: The additional words "of the saved" seems to have been added by copyists who wanted to make it clear all nations (or Gentiles, as the word can be translated) will walk in the light, but only those who are saved. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "the kings of the earth are bringing to him the nations’ glory and honor into it"
EVIDENCE: 046 1611 1854 Maj(K) syr cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
NOTES: "the kings of the earth are bringing their glory and honor into it"
EVIDENCE: 2053 Maj(C) vg
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV
OTHER: "the kings of the earth are bringing their glory and the honor of the nations into it"
EVIDENCE: some Maj(A)
OTHER: "the kings of the earth are bringing the glory and the honor of the nations into it"
EVIDENCE: Maj(B)
COMMENTS: The addition of "honor" to "glory" is the kind of expansion that copyists are likely to make, especially taking it from verse 26. It does not seem to be a mistake of the eye, since "glory" (not "honor") would have been left out in such a case (the eye jumping from "the" to "the"). The words "of the nations" also seem to have been taken from verse 26. The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it in order that they might enter"
EVIDENCE: 046 1611 1854 Maj(K) some Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: CSBn
COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts.
NOTES: "he showed me the pure river of the water of life"
EVIDENCE: 051supp Maj(A,C) some Maj(B)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts and many of the minuscules and versions.
NOTES: "the Lord, the God of the holy prophets"
EVIDENCE: (051supp) Maj(A)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV CSBn
OTHER: "the Lord, the God of the spirits of the holy prophets"
EVIDENCE: Maj(B)
COMMENTS: The text reading is supported by the earliest manuscripts and many of the minuscules and versions.
NOTES: "Blessed [are] those who do his
commandments"
EVIDENCE: 046 1 94 1611 1854 Maj one lat syr(ph,h) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV RSVn NRSVn ESVn CSBn
COMMENTS: The two readings are pronounced similarly in Greek. It is not hard to see how PLUNONTESTASSTOLASAUTON might have changed into POIOUNTESTASENTOLASAUTOU (that is, how "rinse their robes" changed into "do his commandments"), especially since "do his commandments" would be much more expected than "rinse their robes." Elsewhere John writes "keep the commandments" (Revelation 12:17; 14:12).
NOTES: "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ"
EVIDENCE: 046 051supp 94 1006 1854 Maj {lat vg syr(ph,h)}
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASVn CSBn
OTHER: omit
EVIDENCE: cop(north)
COMMENTS: The evidence in braces reads "our Lord." There was a tendency for copyists to expand the name of Christ.
NOTES: "[be] with the saints."
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) one lat
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSVn NRSVn NASVn NIV NEBn TEVn
NOTES: "[be] with all the saints."
EVIDENCE: 046 051supp 94 1006 1611 1854 2053 Maj syr(h) syr(ph) ("all his
saints") cop(north) (add "forever and ever") cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: RSV NRSV ESVn NEBn TEVn CSBn
NOTES: "[be] with plyou
all."
EVIDENCE: most lat later vg
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV NEB
COMMENTS: The best supported reading ("all the saints") appears to be a combination of the first two. Between them the UBS Textual Committee preferred "with all."
NOTES: include "Amen" at the end
EVIDENCE: Aleph(א) 046 051 94 1611 1854 2053 Maj(K,B,C) some Maj(A) most lat vg
syr(ph,h) cop (one reads "Amen, Amen")
TRANSLATIONS: KJV NKJV ASV RSV NRSV ESV NASV NIV NEBn CSB
COMMENTS: Copyists had a tendency to add "Amen" at the end of a book they had copied. If it were original, there is no way to explain its omission from so many manuscripts.
